Design and Optimization of a Miniaturized Antenna for Targeted Hyperthermia in Tumor Therapy

Abhinav Mishra; Azharuddin Khan; Satya Kesh Dubey

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11

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Design and Optimization of a Miniaturized Antenna for Targeted Hyperthermia in Tumor Therapy

Abhinav Mishra^*

, Azharuddin Khan

, Satya Kesh Dubey

Published in American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications (Volume 13, Issue 1)

Received: 23 May 2025 Accepted: 6 June 2025 Published: 18 June 2025

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Abstract

Hyperthermia (HT) is a cancer treatment that involves applying heat to tumor tissues, often in combination with radiation or chemotherapy, to help inhibit tumor growth. Compact antennas will play a crucial role to facilitate localized heating by directing electromagnetic energy specifically to tumor regions. This article introduces a cost-effective, compact, and lightweight circular slot-shaped rectangular antenna (CSRA), a microstrip antenna designed for hyperthermia tumor treatment. It explores the use of hyperthermia as a treatment method, which, while effective, can cause overheating of surrounding healthy tissues, leading to the formation of hotspots. The antenna is modeled within a combined single-layer human tissue model and simulated using Ansys HFSS 2020R1 software. The compact (30 × 30 mm²) rectangular microstrip antenna operates at a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz, offering a bandwidth of 40 kHz and a return loss of -20.8 dB. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is calculated along the x-axis within the phantom at a 26.27 mm penetration depth, all of which comply with IEEE standards for safety and performance. Simulated results are validated through measurements and compared with recent literature. The findings, including the antenna's size and design, confirm that this slotted circular antenna is a promising candidate for microwave hyperthermia treatment of tumors.

Published in	American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications (Volume 13, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11
Page(s)	1-7
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Circular Slot Shaped Rectangular Antenna, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), Hyperthermia Application

References

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APA Style

Mishra, A., Khan, A., Dubey, S. K. (2025). Design and Optimization of a Miniaturized Antenna for Targeted Hyperthermia in Tumor Therapy. American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications, 13(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11

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ACS Style

Mishra, A.; Khan, A.; Dubey, S. K. Design and Optimization of a Miniaturized Antenna for Targeted Hyperthermia in Tumor Therapy. Am. J. Electromagn. Appl. 2025, 13(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11

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AMA Style

Mishra A, Khan A, Dubey SK. Design and Optimization of a Miniaturized Antenna for Targeted Hyperthermia in Tumor Therapy. Am J Electromagn Appl. 2025;13(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11,
  author = {Abhinav Mishra and Azharuddin Khan and Satya Kesh Dubey},
  title = {Design and Optimization of a Miniaturized Antenna for Targeted Hyperthermia in Tumor Therapy
},
  journal = {American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajea.20241301.11},
  abstract = {Hyperthermia (HT) is a cancer treatment that involves applying heat to tumor tissues, often in combination with radiation or chemotherapy, to help inhibit tumor growth. Compact antennas will play a crucial role to facilitate localized heating by directing electromagnetic energy specifically to tumor regions. This article introduces a cost-effective, compact, and lightweight circular slot-shaped rectangular antenna (CSRA), a microstrip antenna designed for hyperthermia tumor treatment. It explores the use of hyperthermia as a treatment method, which, while effective, can cause overheating of surrounding healthy tissues, leading to the formation of hotspots. The antenna is modeled within a combined single-layer human tissue model and simulated using Ansys HFSS 2020R1 software. The compact (30 × 30 mm²) rectangular microstrip antenna operates at a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz, offering a bandwidth of 40 kHz and a return loss of -20.8 dB. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is calculated along the x-axis within the phantom at a 26.27 mm penetration depth, all of which comply with IEEE standards for safety and performance. Simulated results are validated through measurements and compared with recent literature. The findings, including the antenna's size and design, confirm that this slotted circular antenna is a promising candidate for microwave hyperthermia treatment of tumors.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Design and Optimization of a Miniaturized Antenna for Targeted Hyperthermia in Tumor Therapy

AU  - Abhinav Mishra
AU  - Azharuddin Khan
AU  - Satya Kesh Dubey
Y1  - 2025/06/18
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11
T2  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-5984
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11
AB  - Hyperthermia (HT) is a cancer treatment that involves applying heat to tumor tissues, often in combination with radiation or chemotherapy, to help inhibit tumor growth. Compact antennas will play a crucial role to facilitate localized heating by directing electromagnetic energy specifically to tumor regions. This article introduces a cost-effective, compact, and lightweight circular slot-shaped rectangular antenna (CSRA), a microstrip antenna designed for hyperthermia tumor treatment. It explores the use of hyperthermia as a treatment method, which, while effective, can cause overheating of surrounding healthy tissues, leading to the formation of hotspots. The antenna is modeled within a combined single-layer human tissue model and simulated using Ansys HFSS 2020R1 software. The compact (30 × 30 mm²) rectangular microstrip antenna operates at a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz, offering a bandwidth of 40 kHz and a return loss of -20.8 dB. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is calculated along the x-axis within the phantom at a 26.27 mm penetration depth, all of which comply with IEEE standards for safety and performance. Simulated results are validated through measurements and compared with recent literature. The findings, including the antenna's size and design, confirm that this slotted circular antenna is a promising candidate for microwave hyperthermia treatment of tumors.

VL  - 13
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Abhinav Mishra

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India; Electromagnetic Metrology section, Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-2022-2557
Azharuddin Khan

Depatment of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7304-6585
Satya Kesh Dubey

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India; Electromagnetic Metrology section, Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9886-7635

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APA Style

Mishra, A., Khan, A., Dubey, S. K. (2025). Design and Optimization of a Miniaturized Antenna for Targeted Hyperthermia in Tumor Therapy. American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications, 13(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11

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ACS Style

Mishra, A.; Khan, A.; Dubey, S. K. Design and Optimization of a Miniaturized Antenna for Targeted Hyperthermia in Tumor Therapy. Am. J. Electromagn. Appl. 2025, 13(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11

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AMA Style

Mishra A, Khan A, Dubey SK. Design and Optimization of a Miniaturized Antenna for Targeted Hyperthermia in Tumor Therapy. Am J Electromagn Appl. 2025;13(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11,
  author = {Abhinav Mishra and Azharuddin Khan and Satya Kesh Dubey},
  title = {Design and Optimization of a Miniaturized Antenna for Targeted Hyperthermia in Tumor Therapy
},
  journal = {American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajea.20241301.11},
  abstract = {Hyperthermia (HT) is a cancer treatment that involves applying heat to tumor tissues, often in combination with radiation or chemotherapy, to help inhibit tumor growth. Compact antennas will play a crucial role to facilitate localized heating by directing electromagnetic energy specifically to tumor regions. This article introduces a cost-effective, compact, and lightweight circular slot-shaped rectangular antenna (CSRA), a microstrip antenna designed for hyperthermia tumor treatment. It explores the use of hyperthermia as a treatment method, which, while effective, can cause overheating of surrounding healthy tissues, leading to the formation of hotspots. The antenna is modeled within a combined single-layer human tissue model and simulated using Ansys HFSS 2020R1 software. The compact (30 × 30 mm²) rectangular microstrip antenna operates at a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz, offering a bandwidth of 40 kHz and a return loss of -20.8 dB. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is calculated along the x-axis within the phantom at a 26.27 mm penetration depth, all of which comply with IEEE standards for safety and performance. Simulated results are validated through measurements and compared with recent literature. The findings, including the antenna's size and design, confirm that this slotted circular antenna is a promising candidate for microwave hyperthermia treatment of tumors.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Design and Optimization of a Miniaturized Antenna for Targeted Hyperthermia in Tumor Therapy

AU  - Abhinav Mishra
AU  - Azharuddin Khan
AU  - Satya Kesh Dubey
Y1  - 2025/06/18
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11
T2  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-5984
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajea.20241301.11
AB  - Hyperthermia (HT) is a cancer treatment that involves applying heat to tumor tissues, often in combination with radiation or chemotherapy, to help inhibit tumor growth. Compact antennas will play a crucial role to facilitate localized heating by directing electromagnetic energy specifically to tumor regions. This article introduces a cost-effective, compact, and lightweight circular slot-shaped rectangular antenna (CSRA), a microstrip antenna designed for hyperthermia tumor treatment. It explores the use of hyperthermia as a treatment method, which, while effective, can cause overheating of surrounding healthy tissues, leading to the formation of hotspots. The antenna is modeled within a combined single-layer human tissue model and simulated using Ansys HFSS 2020R1 software. The compact (30 × 30 mm²) rectangular microstrip antenna operates at a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz, offering a bandwidth of 40 kHz and a return loss of -20.8 dB. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is calculated along the x-axis within the phantom at a 26.27 mm penetration depth, all of which comply with IEEE standards for safety and performance. Simulated results are validated through measurements and compared with recent literature. The findings, including the antenna's size and design, confirm that this slotted circular antenna is a promising candidate for microwave hyperthermia treatment of tumors.

VL  - 13
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download