Jordan is considered a semi-arid region with an average annual precipitation of 111 mm/year. Therefore, it is essential to study and understand the soil properties to reduce water losses and maximize water storage within the land. The current research offers the results of evaluating the evaporation rates and the soil suction for four types of soils, Silica sand, Brown clay, Limestone and Marlstone in Jordan. An experimental approach was conducted for the evaluation of evaporation from a soil column, made up of one single soil type and single gradation, for measured soil properties and climatic conditions. Using the filter paper approach, the matric and total suction were measured for the same samples at different saturation levels. Results show that the evaporation rates start to decline from the potential evaporation to lower rates of actual evaporation. The results also show a direct relationship between the evaporation rate and saturation. In addition, the soil suction test results show an inverse relationship between suction, degrees of saturation, particle size and texture of the soil. It is recommended to use small particle-sized Limestone to reduce evaporation in Jordan. It is also recommended to use Brown clay in deeper soil layers due to its ability to suction water to the surface of unsaturated soils. Finally, further studies could be conducted to investigate the percentage of soils to be mixed with the original ones and the proper soil layering and their effective thicknesses.
| Published in | American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 13, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajep.20241301.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-9 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Jordan, Evaporation Rates, Soil Suction, Soil Type, Soil Gradation
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APA Style
Hadi, M. A., Saada, N., Hussary, J. (2024). Water Evaporation and Soil Suction Measurements of Different Soil Types in Jordan. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 13(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20241301.11
ACS Style
Hadi, M. A.; Saada, N.; Hussary, J. Water Evaporation and Soil Suction Measurements of Different Soil Types in Jordan. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2024, 13(1), 1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20241301.11
AMA Style
Hadi MA, Saada N, Hussary J. Water Evaporation and Soil Suction Measurements of Different Soil Types in Jordan. Am J Environ Prot. 2024;13(1):1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20241301.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20241301.11,
author = {Monther Abdel Hadi and Nidhal Saada and Jumana Hussary},
title = {Water Evaporation and Soil Suction Measurements of Different Soil Types in Jordan},
journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20241301.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20241301.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20241301.11},
abstract = {Jordan is considered a semi-arid region with an average annual precipitation of 111 mm/year. Therefore, it is essential to study and understand the soil properties to reduce water losses and maximize water storage within the land. The current research offers the results of evaluating the evaporation rates and the soil suction for four types of soils, Silica sand, Brown clay, Limestone and Marlstone in Jordan. An experimental approach was conducted for the evaluation of evaporation from a soil column, made up of one single soil type and single gradation, for measured soil properties and climatic conditions. Using the filter paper approach, the matric and total suction were measured for the same samples at different saturation levels. Results show that the evaporation rates start to decline from the potential evaporation to lower rates of actual evaporation. The results also show a direct relationship between the evaporation rate and saturation. In addition, the soil suction test results show an inverse relationship between suction, degrees of saturation, particle size and texture of the soil. It is recommended to use small particle-sized Limestone to reduce evaporation in Jordan. It is also recommended to use Brown clay in deeper soil layers due to its ability to suction water to the surface of unsaturated soils. Finally, further studies could be conducted to investigate the percentage of soils to be mixed with the original ones and the proper soil layering and their effective thicknesses.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Water Evaporation and Soil Suction Measurements of Different Soil Types in Jordan AU - Monther Abdel Hadi AU - Nidhal Saada AU - Jumana Hussary Y1 - 2024/01/23 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20241301.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajep.20241301.11 T2 - American Journal of Environmental Protection JF - American Journal of Environmental Protection JO - American Journal of Environmental Protection SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5699 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20241301.11 AB - Jordan is considered a semi-arid region with an average annual precipitation of 111 mm/year. Therefore, it is essential to study and understand the soil properties to reduce water losses and maximize water storage within the land. The current research offers the results of evaluating the evaporation rates and the soil suction for four types of soils, Silica sand, Brown clay, Limestone and Marlstone in Jordan. An experimental approach was conducted for the evaluation of evaporation from a soil column, made up of one single soil type and single gradation, for measured soil properties and climatic conditions. Using the filter paper approach, the matric and total suction were measured for the same samples at different saturation levels. Results show that the evaporation rates start to decline from the potential evaporation to lower rates of actual evaporation. The results also show a direct relationship between the evaporation rate and saturation. In addition, the soil suction test results show an inverse relationship between suction, degrees of saturation, particle size and texture of the soil. It is recommended to use small particle-sized Limestone to reduce evaporation in Jordan. It is also recommended to use Brown clay in deeper soil layers due to its ability to suction water to the surface of unsaturated soils. Finally, further studies could be conducted to investigate the percentage of soils to be mixed with the original ones and the proper soil layering and their effective thicknesses. VL - 13 IS - 1 ER -
Civil Engineering Department, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
Civil Engineering Department, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
Civil Engineering Department, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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