Antibiotic resistance is on the verge of becoming top killer globally if left unattended in few decades to come. Much focus has been on clinical use and misuse of antibiotics and non-therapeutic applications in agriculture are blamed for the emergence of resistance. However, the rising incident of environmental spread of antibiotic is a major public health concern. The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of gram-negative bacteria from hospitals sewage and evaluate the multi-drug resistant pattern of the isolates in the study area. Sample from five government’s hospitals in Damaturu, Northern Nigeria were collected. The bacteria were quantified using pour plating method; colonies were counted and further characterized by morphological and biochemical characteristics using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was determined by Kirby-Baur disc diffusion method. A total of 1377 gram-negative isolates were identified; Escherichia coli (331, 24.0%), Salmonella enteric (187, 13.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (113, 8.20%), Proteus mirabilis (69, 5.01%), Klebsiella pneumoniea (271, 19.6%), Vibrio cholera (89, 6.4%), Morganella morganii (77, 5.59%), Shigella species (201, 14.5%), Citrobacter fruendii (51, 3.70%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (48, 3.48%). The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index was calculated, and found that all the isolates were multi-drug resistant except Morganella morganii. The MARI exhibited by the isolates ranged from 0.2 to 1.0%. Escherichia coli was leading resistant isolate (100%) to the ten antibiotics tested, while other isolates studied exhibited resistance to at least three or more antibiotics tested. Resistance was highest to Nalidixic acid (100%) and lowest with Ciprofloxacin and Augmentin (30% each). This study found multi-drug resistance gram-negative bacteria of both clinical and public health importance, thus hospital sewage housed antibiotic resistant bacteria and aids the spread in environment. Further research will look at the molecular characterization of the antibiotic resistant genes in the study area.
| Published in | Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 5, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.fem.20190501.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-7 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Hospital Sewage, Gram Negative, Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI), Environmental Isolates
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APA Style
Adam Mustapha, Turgut Imir. (2019). Detection of Multidrug-Resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria from Hospital Sewage in North East, Nigeria. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 5(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20190501.11
ACS Style
Adam Mustapha; Turgut Imir. Detection of Multidrug-Resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria from Hospital Sewage in North East, Nigeria. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2019, 5(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20190501.11
AMA Style
Adam Mustapha, Turgut Imir. Detection of Multidrug-Resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria from Hospital Sewage in North East, Nigeria. Front Environ Microbiol. 2019;5(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20190501.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.fem.20190501.11,
author = {Adam Mustapha and Turgut Imir},
title = {Detection of Multidrug-Resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria from Hospital Sewage in North East, Nigeria},
journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20190501.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20190501.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20190501.11},
abstract = {Antibiotic resistance is on the verge of becoming top killer globally if left unattended in few decades to come. Much focus has been on clinical use and misuse of antibiotics and non-therapeutic applications in agriculture are blamed for the emergence of resistance. However, the rising incident of environmental spread of antibiotic is a major public health concern. The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of gram-negative bacteria from hospitals sewage and evaluate the multi-drug resistant pattern of the isolates in the study area. Sample from five government’s hospitals in Damaturu, Northern Nigeria were collected. The bacteria were quantified using pour plating method; colonies were counted and further characterized by morphological and biochemical characteristics using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was determined by Kirby-Baur disc diffusion method. A total of 1377 gram-negative isolates were identified; Escherichia coli (331, 24.0%), Salmonella enteric (187, 13.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (113, 8.20%), Proteus mirabilis (69, 5.01%), Klebsiella pneumoniea (271, 19.6%), Vibrio cholera (89, 6.4%), Morganella morganii (77, 5.59%), Shigella species (201, 14.5%), Citrobacter fruendii (51, 3.70%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (48, 3.48%). The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index was calculated, and found that all the isolates were multi-drug resistant except Morganella morganii. The MARI exhibited by the isolates ranged from 0.2 to 1.0%. Escherichia coli was leading resistant isolate (100%) to the ten antibiotics tested, while other isolates studied exhibited resistance to at least three or more antibiotics tested. Resistance was highest to Nalidixic acid (100%) and lowest with Ciprofloxacin and Augmentin (30% each). This study found multi-drug resistance gram-negative bacteria of both clinical and public health importance, thus hospital sewage housed antibiotic resistant bacteria and aids the spread in environment. Further research will look at the molecular characterization of the antibiotic resistant genes in the study area.},
year = {2019}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Multidrug-Resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria from Hospital Sewage in North East, Nigeria AU - Adam Mustapha AU - Turgut Imir Y1 - 2019/02/22 PY - 2019 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20190501.11 DO - 10.11648/j.fem.20190501.11 T2 - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology JF - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology JO - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2469-8067 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20190501.11 AB - Antibiotic resistance is on the verge of becoming top killer globally if left unattended in few decades to come. Much focus has been on clinical use and misuse of antibiotics and non-therapeutic applications in agriculture are blamed for the emergence of resistance. However, the rising incident of environmental spread of antibiotic is a major public health concern. The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of gram-negative bacteria from hospitals sewage and evaluate the multi-drug resistant pattern of the isolates in the study area. Sample from five government’s hospitals in Damaturu, Northern Nigeria were collected. The bacteria were quantified using pour plating method; colonies were counted and further characterized by morphological and biochemical characteristics using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was determined by Kirby-Baur disc diffusion method. A total of 1377 gram-negative isolates were identified; Escherichia coli (331, 24.0%), Salmonella enteric (187, 13.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (113, 8.20%), Proteus mirabilis (69, 5.01%), Klebsiella pneumoniea (271, 19.6%), Vibrio cholera (89, 6.4%), Morganella morganii (77, 5.59%), Shigella species (201, 14.5%), Citrobacter fruendii (51, 3.70%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (48, 3.48%). The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index was calculated, and found that all the isolates were multi-drug resistant except Morganella morganii. The MARI exhibited by the isolates ranged from 0.2 to 1.0%. Escherichia coli was leading resistant isolate (100%) to the ten antibiotics tested, while other isolates studied exhibited resistance to at least three or more antibiotics tested. Resistance was highest to Nalidixic acid (100%) and lowest with Ciprofloxacin and Augmentin (30% each). This study found multi-drug resistance gram-negative bacteria of both clinical and public health importance, thus hospital sewage housed antibiotic resistant bacteria and aids the spread in environment. Further research will look at the molecular characterization of the antibiotic resistant genes in the study area. VL - 5 IS - 1 ER -
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