Rivers’s Postulates Fulfilled for Blue Catfish Alloherpesvirus

Vandana Dharan; Suja Aarattuthodi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12

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Rivers’s Postulates Fulfilled for Blue Catfish Alloherpesvirus

Vandana Dharan, Suja Aarattuthodi

Published in Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 2 November 2021 Accepted: 18 November 2021 Published: 24 November 2021

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Abstract

Blue catfish alloherpesvirus (BCAHV) is a strain of ictalurid herpesvirus-1 belonging to the family Alloherpesviridae. A detailed study on the pathogenesis of this virus revealed that it causes significant mortalities in blue catfish fingerlings and could be problematic with hybrid catfish production. The genome of BCAHV has 94% similarity with channel catfish virus (CCV) and these herpesviruses are a major threat to the hatchery and nursery phases of fish production. Even though, several studies have been caried out regarding the virulence, immune responses, and factors influencing infection, Rivers’s postulates have not been verified for BCAHV infection so far. Validation of Rivers’s postulates is essential to confirm virus as the causative agent of a disease. Testing and verification of Rivers’s postulates are also essential to decide on treatments or while establishing proactive management strategies. In the current study, we tested Rivers’s postulates to validate BCAHV as the etiologic agent of the infection in blue catfish fingerlings. The infected blue catfish tissues were processed, filtered, inoculated onto channel catfish ovary (CCO) cells, and virus-specific cytopathic effects were observed. The cell culture propagated-BCAHV produced comparable infection in naïve blue catfish when exposed via immersion and was reisolated from the infected fish. Specific immune responses against BCAHV were observed, when survivors from an initial virus exposure were challenged with wild type virus after 45 days. Here, Rivers’s postulates were satisfied for BCHAV infection in blue catfish proving BCAHV as the etiological agent of infection.

Published in	Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12
Page(s)	80-84
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Rivers’s Postulates, Blue Catfish Alloherpesvirus, Cytopathic Effects, Immune Response

References

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APA Style

Vandana Dharan, Suja Aarattuthodi. (2021). Rivers’s Postulates Fulfilled for Blue Catfish Alloherpesvirus. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 7(3), 80-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12

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ACS Style

Vandana Dharan; Suja Aarattuthodi. Rivers’s Postulates Fulfilled for Blue Catfish Alloherpesvirus. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2021, 7(3), 80-84. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12

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AMA Style

Vandana Dharan, Suja Aarattuthodi. Rivers’s Postulates Fulfilled for Blue Catfish Alloherpesvirus. Front Environ Microbiol. 2021;7(3):80-84. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12

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@article{10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12,
  author = {Vandana Dharan and Suja Aarattuthodi},
  title = {Rivers’s Postulates Fulfilled for Blue Catfish Alloherpesvirus},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {80-84},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20210703.12},
  abstract = {Blue catfish alloherpesvirus (BCAHV) is a strain of ictalurid herpesvirus-1 belonging to the family Alloherpesviridae. A detailed study on the pathogenesis of this virus revealed that it causes significant mortalities in blue catfish fingerlings and could be problematic with hybrid catfish production. The genome of BCAHV has 94% similarity with channel catfish virus (CCV) and these herpesviruses are a major threat to the hatchery and nursery phases of fish production. Even though, several studies have been caried out regarding the virulence, immune responses, and factors influencing infection, Rivers’s postulates have not been verified for BCAHV infection so far. Validation of Rivers’s postulates is essential to confirm virus as the causative agent of a disease. Testing and verification of Rivers’s postulates are also essential to decide on treatments or while establishing proactive management strategies. In the current study, we tested Rivers’s postulates to validate BCAHV as the etiologic agent of the infection in blue catfish fingerlings. The infected blue catfish tissues were processed, filtered, inoculated onto channel catfish ovary (CCO) cells, and virus-specific cytopathic effects were observed. The cell culture propagated-BCAHV produced comparable infection in naïve blue catfish when exposed via immersion and was reisolated from the infected fish. Specific immune responses against BCAHV were observed, when survivors from an initial virus exposure were challenged with wild type virus after 45 days. Here, Rivers’s postulates were satisfied for BCHAV infection in blue catfish proving BCAHV as the etiological agent of infection.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Rivers’s Postulates Fulfilled for Blue Catfish Alloherpesvirus
AU - Vandana Dharan
AU - Suja Aarattuthodi
Y1 - 2021/11/24
PY - 2021
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12
DO - 10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12
T2 - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JF - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JO - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
SP - 80
EP - 84
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2469-8067
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12
AB - Blue catfish alloherpesvirus (BCAHV) is a strain of ictalurid herpesvirus-1 belonging to the family Alloherpesviridae. A detailed study on the pathogenesis of this virus revealed that it causes significant mortalities in blue catfish fingerlings and could be problematic with hybrid catfish production. The genome of BCAHV has 94% similarity with channel catfish virus (CCV) and these herpesviruses are a major threat to the hatchery and nursery phases of fish production. Even though, several studies have been caried out regarding the virulence, immune responses, and factors influencing infection, Rivers’s postulates have not been verified for BCAHV infection so far. Validation of Rivers’s postulates is essential to confirm virus as the causative agent of a disease. Testing and verification of Rivers’s postulates are also essential to decide on treatments or while establishing proactive management strategies. In the current study, we tested Rivers’s postulates to validate BCAHV as the etiologic agent of the infection in blue catfish fingerlings. The infected blue catfish tissues were processed, filtered, inoculated onto channel catfish ovary (CCO) cells, and virus-specific cytopathic effects were observed. The cell culture propagated-BCAHV produced comparable infection in naïve blue catfish when exposed via immersion and was reisolated from the infected fish. Specific immune responses against BCAHV were observed, when survivors from an initial virus exposure were challenged with wild type virus after 45 days. Here, Rivers’s postulates were satisfied for BCHAV infection in blue catfish proving BCAHV as the etiological agent of infection.
VL - 7
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Vandana Dharan

Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, USA
Suja Aarattuthodi

Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, USA

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APA Style

Vandana Dharan, Suja Aarattuthodi. (2021). Rivers’s Postulates Fulfilled for Blue Catfish Alloherpesvirus. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 7(3), 80-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12

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ACS Style

Vandana Dharan; Suja Aarattuthodi. Rivers’s Postulates Fulfilled for Blue Catfish Alloherpesvirus. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2021, 7(3), 80-84. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12

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AMA Style

Vandana Dharan, Suja Aarattuthodi. Rivers’s Postulates Fulfilled for Blue Catfish Alloherpesvirus. Front Environ Microbiol. 2021;7(3):80-84. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12

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@article{10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12,
  author = {Vandana Dharan and Suja Aarattuthodi},
  title = {Rivers’s Postulates Fulfilled for Blue Catfish Alloherpesvirus},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {80-84},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20210703.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20210703.12},
  abstract = {Blue catfish alloherpesvirus (BCAHV) is a strain of ictalurid herpesvirus-1 belonging to the family Alloherpesviridae. A detailed study on the pathogenesis of this virus revealed that it causes significant mortalities in blue catfish fingerlings and could be problematic with hybrid catfish production. The genome of BCAHV has 94% similarity with channel catfish virus (CCV) and these herpesviruses are a major threat to the hatchery and nursery phases of fish production. Even though, several studies have been caried out regarding the virulence, immune responses, and factors influencing infection, Rivers’s postulates have not been verified for BCAHV infection so far. Validation of Rivers’s postulates is essential to confirm virus as the causative agent of a disease. Testing and verification of Rivers’s postulates are also essential to decide on treatments or while establishing proactive management strategies. In the current study, we tested Rivers’s postulates to validate BCAHV as the etiologic agent of the infection in blue catfish fingerlings. The infected blue catfish tissues were processed, filtered, inoculated onto channel catfish ovary (CCO) cells, and virus-specific cytopathic effects were observed. The cell culture propagated-BCAHV produced comparable infection in naïve blue catfish when exposed via immersion and was reisolated from the infected fish. Specific immune responses against BCAHV were observed, when survivors from an initial virus exposure were challenged with wild type virus after 45 days. Here, Rivers’s postulates were satisfied for BCHAV infection in blue catfish proving BCAHV as the etiological agent of infection.},
 year = {2021}
}

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