Assessment of the Physcio-Chemical and Toxic Level of Aba River and Its Sediment

Ikwuagwu Glory; Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru; Leo Osuji

doi:doi:10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12

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Assessment of the Physcio-Chemical and Toxic Level of Aba River and Its Sediment

Ikwuagwu Glory, Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru, Leo Osuji

Published in Frontiers (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 16 August 2022 Accepted: 7 September 2022 Published: 11 October 2022

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Abstract

Contamination of River and its sediments by human activities is on high increase in Nigeria and around the world. This study assessed the physicochemical, biological and heavy metal concentration of Aba river and its sediments. Four water and its sediment samples were collected at Ogbor hill waterside (experimental sites) and Okpulo-umubo (control) from July 2020 to December 2021 at early morning hours. A total of twelve water and sediment samples were collected with a plastic hand trowel to avoid contamination and then stored in plastic bottle polythene bags. Samples were labelled and preserved by storing them in an ice chest on the field. The sediments were air-dried, ground, sieved, and then stored in the laboratory for analysis. The Physicochemical and heavy metals in the water and sediments samples were analyzed using standard methods at ANAL CONCEPT Laboratory Limited. The result shows that Iron has the highest concentration in the surface water 15.34 ± 8.58, followed by Manganese 5.89 ± 3.30, and Zinc 0.045 ± 0.00 while heavy metals concentration of the sediment shows that Iron has the highest concentration 2998.46 + 229 followed by Zinc 51.81 + 3.71, Manganese 13.64 + 1.78, and Copper 5.47 + 0.95. The heavy metal in sediment followed in this order Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. The heavy metal in the sediment was higher than the concentration of heavy metals in the river. The overall comparison of the physiochemical characteristics of Aba river with WHO & NSDWQ drinking water quality standard confirm that pH (5.77), Conductivity, Turbidity, TDS, Chloride, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, and Lead are above the permissible limit while Hardness, Nitrite, Nitrate, Sulphate, DS, Calcium, Sodium, Cadmium, Copper, Chromium, and Zinc are within the permissible limit. The concentration of all the metals in the sediments was higher than the water at p < 0.05 significantly level. The concentration of these heavy metals results from human activities along the river banks. We recommend proper education on the negative impact of human activity on the river since Aba river is the only river that serve Aba populace.

Published in	Frontiers (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12
Page(s)	116-123
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Urbanization, Toxic, Hardness, Ecosystem, Freshwater

References

[1]	FAO (2017). A global water quality crisis and the role of Agriculture: a global review. www.fao.org/3/ai7754e.pdf%20
[2]	Oguh, C. E., Osuji, C. A., Benjamin, E. C., Ugwu, C. V., Musa, A. D. (2020). Health Risk Assessment of some Toxic Elements in Aquatic Bioindicator (Clariasgariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) from Tagwai Reservoir Dam Minna Niger State Nigeria. Sch. Int. J. Biochem, 3 (2), 12-21.
[3]	WHO / UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (2015) for Water Supply and Sanitation.
[4]	Balali-Mood, M., Naseri, K., Tahergorabi, Z., Khazdair, R. M., and Sadeghi, M. (2021). Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic. Front. Pharmacol. 12: 643972. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643972.
[5]	Dwivedi, A. C., Tiwari, A., and Mayank, P. (2015). “Seasonal determination of heavy metals in muscle, gill and liver tissues of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the tributary of the Ganga River, India,” Zoology and Ecology, 25 (2), 166–171.
[6]	Amadi, A. N., Olasehinde, P. I., Okosun, E. A., and Yisa, J. (2010). Assessment of the water quality index of Otamiri and Oramiriukwa Rivers. Physics International, 1 (2), 116 – 123.
[7]	AOAC. (2005). Official methods of analysis (18^th ed.). Arlington, VA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
[8]	Obianyo, J. I. and Ugwu, E. I. (2018). Physicochemical and Microbiological Study of Aba River State, Nigeria. Umudike Journal of Engineering and Technology (UJET), 4 (1), 1-8.
[9]	Okey-Wokeh, C. G., Obunwo, C. C., and Wokeh, O. K. (2021). Evaluation of Water Quality Index Using Physicochemical Characteristics of Ogbor River in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Management, 25 (1), 47-51.
[10]	Nwankwoala, H. O. and P. O. Ekpewerechi (2017). Human Activities and Heavy metal concentrations in Aba River Abia State, Nigeria. British Journal of Earth Sciences Research, 5, (1), 26-36.
[11]	Ebong, G. A., Etuk, H. S., Dan, E. U., & Onukwubiri, M. A. (2021). Waste management: impact on metal accumulation and speciation in Aba River channel, Nigeria, Geosystem Engineering, 24: 1, 46-60, DOI: 10.1080/12269328.2019.1663278.

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Ikwuagwu Glory, Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru, Leo Osuji. (2022). Assessment of the Physcio-Chemical and Toxic Level of Aba River and Its Sediment. Frontiers, 2(3), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12

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ACS Style

Ikwuagwu Glory; Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru; Leo Osuji. Assessment of the Physcio-Chemical and Toxic Level of Aba River and Its Sediment. Frontiers. 2022, 2(3), 116-123. doi: 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12

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AMA Style

Ikwuagwu Glory, Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru, Leo Osuji. Assessment of the Physcio-Chemical and Toxic Level of Aba River and Its Sediment. Frontiers. 2022;2(3):116-123. doi: 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12

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@article{10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12,
  author = {Ikwuagwu Glory and Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru and Leo Osuji},
  title = {Assessment of the Physcio-Chemical and Toxic Level of Aba River and Its Sediment},
  journal = {Frontiers},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {116-123},
  doi = {10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.frontiers.20220203.12},
  abstract = {Contamination of River and its sediments by human activities is on high increase in Nigeria and around the world. This study assessed the physicochemical, biological and heavy metal concentration of Aba river and its sediments. Four water and its sediment samples were collected at Ogbor hill waterside (experimental sites) and Okpulo-umubo (control) from July 2020 to December 2021 at early morning hours. A total of twelve water and sediment samples were collected with a plastic hand trowel to avoid contamination and then stored in plastic bottle polythene bags. Samples were labelled and preserved by storing them in an ice chest on the field. The sediments were air-dried, ground, sieved, and then stored in the laboratory for analysis. The Physicochemical and heavy metals in the water and sediments samples were analyzed using standard methods at ANAL CONCEPT Laboratory Limited. The result shows that Iron has the highest concentration in the surface water 15.34 ± 8.58, followed by Manganese 5.89 ± 3.30, and Zinc 0.045 ± 0.00 while heavy metals concentration of the sediment shows that Iron has the highest concentration 2998.46 + 229 followed by Zinc 51.81 + 3.71, Manganese 13.64 + 1.78, and Copper 5.47 + 0.95. The heavy metal in sediment followed in this order Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. The heavy metal in the sediment was higher than the concentration of heavy metals in the river. The overall comparison of the physiochemical characteristics of Aba river with WHO & NSDWQ drinking water quality standard confirm that pH (5.77), Conductivity, Turbidity, TDS, Chloride, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, and Lead are above the permissible limit while Hardness, Nitrite, Nitrate, Sulphate, DS, Calcium, Sodium, Cadmium, Copper, Chromium, and Zinc are within the permissible limit. The concentration of all the metals in the sediments was higher than the water at p < 0.05 significantly level. The concentration of these heavy metals results from human activities along the river banks. We recommend proper education on the negative impact of human activity on the river since Aba river is the only river that serve Aba populace.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of the Physcio-Chemical and Toxic Level of Aba River and Its Sediment
AU - Ikwuagwu Glory
AU - Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru
AU - Leo Osuji
Y1 - 2022/10/11
PY - 2022
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12
DO - 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12
T2 - Frontiers
JF - Frontiers
JO - Frontiers
SP - 116
EP - 123
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2994-7197
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12
AB - Contamination of River and its sediments by human activities is on high increase in Nigeria and around the world. This study assessed the physicochemical, biological and heavy metal concentration of Aba river and its sediments. Four water and its sediment samples were collected at Ogbor hill waterside (experimental sites) and Okpulo-umubo (control) from July 2020 to December 2021 at early morning hours. A total of twelve water and sediment samples were collected with a plastic hand trowel to avoid contamination and then stored in plastic bottle polythene bags. Samples were labelled and preserved by storing them in an ice chest on the field. The sediments were air-dried, ground, sieved, and then stored in the laboratory for analysis. The Physicochemical and heavy metals in the water and sediments samples were analyzed using standard methods at ANAL CONCEPT Laboratory Limited. The result shows that Iron has the highest concentration in the surface water 15.34 ± 8.58, followed by Manganese 5.89 ± 3.30, and Zinc 0.045 ± 0.00 while heavy metals concentration of the sediment shows that Iron has the highest concentration 2998.46 + 229 followed by Zinc 51.81 + 3.71, Manganese 13.64 + 1.78, and Copper 5.47 + 0.95. The heavy metal in sediment followed in this order Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. The heavy metal in the sediment was higher than the concentration of heavy metals in the river. The overall comparison of the physiochemical characteristics of Aba river with WHO & NSDWQ drinking water quality standard confirm that pH (5.77), Conductivity, Turbidity, TDS, Chloride, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, and Lead are above the permissible limit while Hardness, Nitrite, Nitrate, Sulphate, DS, Calcium, Sodium, Cadmium, Copper, Chromium, and Zinc are within the permissible limit. The concentration of all the metals in the sediments was higher than the water at p < 0.05 significantly level. The concentration of these heavy metals results from human activities along the river banks. We recommend proper education on the negative impact of human activity on the river since Aba river is the only river that serve Aba populace.
VL - 2
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Ikwuagwu Glory

Department of Environmental Management and Control, Institute of Natural Resource, Environment and Sustainable Development (INRES), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru

Department of Environmental Management and Control, Institute of Natural Resource, Environment and Sustainable Development (INRES), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Leo Osuji

Department of Environmental Management and Control, Institute of Natural Resource, Environment and Sustainable Development (INRES), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ikwuagwu Glory, Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru, Leo Osuji. (2022). Assessment of the Physcio-Chemical and Toxic Level of Aba River and Its Sediment. Frontiers, 2(3), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12

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ACS Style

Ikwuagwu Glory; Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru; Leo Osuji. Assessment of the Physcio-Chemical and Toxic Level of Aba River and Its Sediment. Frontiers. 2022, 2(3), 116-123. doi: 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12

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AMA Style

Ikwuagwu Glory, Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru, Leo Osuji. Assessment of the Physcio-Chemical and Toxic Level of Aba River and Its Sediment. Frontiers. 2022;2(3):116-123. doi: 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12

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@article{10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12,
  author = {Ikwuagwu Glory and Hart Aduabobo Ibitoru and Leo Osuji},
  title = {Assessment of the Physcio-Chemical and Toxic Level of Aba River and Its Sediment},
  journal = {Frontiers},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {116-123},
  doi = {10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.frontiers.20220203.12},
  abstract = {Contamination of River and its sediments by human activities is on high increase in Nigeria and around the world. This study assessed the physicochemical, biological and heavy metal concentration of Aba river and its sediments. Four water and its sediment samples were collected at Ogbor hill waterside (experimental sites) and Okpulo-umubo (control) from July 2020 to December 2021 at early morning hours. A total of twelve water and sediment samples were collected with a plastic hand trowel to avoid contamination and then stored in plastic bottle polythene bags. Samples were labelled and preserved by storing them in an ice chest on the field. The sediments were air-dried, ground, sieved, and then stored in the laboratory for analysis. The Physicochemical and heavy metals in the water and sediments samples were analyzed using standard methods at ANAL CONCEPT Laboratory Limited. The result shows that Iron has the highest concentration in the surface water 15.34 ± 8.58, followed by Manganese 5.89 ± 3.30, and Zinc 0.045 ± 0.00 while heavy metals concentration of the sediment shows that Iron has the highest concentration 2998.46 + 229 followed by Zinc 51.81 + 3.71, Manganese 13.64 + 1.78, and Copper 5.47 + 0.95. The heavy metal in sediment followed in this order Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. The heavy metal in the sediment was higher than the concentration of heavy metals in the river. The overall comparison of the physiochemical characteristics of Aba river with WHO & NSDWQ drinking water quality standard confirm that pH (5.77), Conductivity, Turbidity, TDS, Chloride, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, and Lead are above the permissible limit while Hardness, Nitrite, Nitrate, Sulphate, DS, Calcium, Sodium, Cadmium, Copper, Chromium, and Zinc are within the permissible limit. The concentration of all the metals in the sediments was higher than the water at p < 0.05 significantly level. The concentration of these heavy metals results from human activities along the river banks. We recommend proper education on the negative impact of human activity on the river since Aba river is the only river that serve Aba populace.},
 year = {2022}
}

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