Assessing the Extent of Noise Pollution in Laxmipur District Town, Bangladesh

Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder; Md. Taiful Arefin Bhuiyan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12

Research Article |

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Assessing the Extent of Noise Pollution in Laxmipur District Town, Bangladesh

Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder^*

, Md. Taiful Arefin Bhuiyan

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 13, Issue 2)

Received: 23 April 2025 Accepted: 6 May 2025 Published: 20 June 2025

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Abstract

Noise pollution is a concerning issue in Bangladesh due to its impact on human health. It is increasing in Laxmipur District Town in recent years due to the introduction of a number of different vehicles. Some vehicles, particularly rickshaws and auto-rickshaws, may use outdated mechanical horns, exacerbating the noise, the use of heavy machinery for construction, and the unregulated use of loudspeakers in social, religious, and political events and public announcements. The current study has been carried out to assess the extent of noise pollution in various areas of Laxmipur District Town. 7 different zones, along with 45 locations, were selected in Laxmipur District Town based on land use. A sound level meter (REED SD-4023) was used to monitor noise levels in Laxmipur District Town from January 01, 2021, to April 30, 2021. At each sampling location, several samples were collected. Three times a day, we have measured the noise level in every location. The mean noise pollution level and Leq of Laxmipur District Town were determined to be 68.78 dBA and 92.46 dBA, respectively. The measured mean and Leq values were 69.11 dBA and 89.00 dBA for silent areas, 67.76 dBA and 79.34 dBA for residential areas, 76.75 dBA and 82.32 dBA for mixed areas, 70.90 dBA and 81.07 dBA for commercial areas, 67.57 dBA and 95.70 dBA for industrial areas, 74.28 dBA and 87.29 dBA for road intersections, and 64.49 dBA and 75.40 dBA for village areas, respectively. The hierarchy in different land uses based on mean noise level was Mixed Areas > Road Intersection > Commercial Area > Silent Area > Residential Area > Industrial Area > Village Area. The three highest noise-polluted areas were Rehana Food (105.62 dBA), Titakha Mosjid-2 (98.49 dBA), and Dalal Bazar (96.75 dBA), whereas the three lowest noise-polluted areas were Vumi Office (58.51 dBA), Banchan Nogor (61.38 dBA), and Hi Food (66.19 dBA), based on Leq. However, a study found that every sample location's noise level exceeded the national guideline.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 13, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12
Page(s)	61-73
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Noise Pollution, Land Use, Dispersion, Cluster, Laxmipur District Town, Bangladesh

1. Introduction

Noise pollution refers to the intrusion of unwanted or harmful sounds into the environment. Such noises can disrupt normal daily activities, cause psychological stress, and lead to long-term health issues for both humans and wildlife. Noise pollution in Laxmipur District Town is a growing concern due to rapid urbanization and high population density. Key contributors include intense traffic congestion, building activities, industrial noise, and public events employing loudspeakers. The continuous honking of automobiles, building activities, and noise from markets and industries create a more disturbing environment. This persistent noise negatively affects individuals' quality of life and leads to physical and mental health issues like headaches, reduced work capacity, impaired concentration, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and stress

[1-3]

. The traffic police frequently suffer from diminished hearing functions and have psychological difficulties

[4-7]

. Despite several governmental efforts to regulate noise levels, the problem remains a significant burden in the bustling metropolis. One of the main causes of noise pollution in cities is the noise produced by motor vehicles

[8].

Individuals employed as traffic officers, particularly at heavily trafficked junctions, have a significant risk of illness due to noise and air pollution

[9-15]

. Due to the acute irritation of the upper respiratory tract causing cough, most traffic police personnel utilize masks to mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution. Nonetheless, the majority remain oblivious to the health implications of noise on their auditory capacity, as this is a gradual process that takes some time to manifest. The World Health Organization (WHO) evaluated the worldwide illness burden attributable to industrial noise and systematically identified 25 risk variables

[16]

Occupational hearing loss, which may be partial or total in one or both ears, can result from employment

[17]

. It encompasses traumatic acoustic damage and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). Elevated levels of workplace noise persist as an issue globally. In the United States, more than 30 million workers are subjected to harmful noise

[18]

. In Germany, 4-5 million individuals (12-15% of the labor force) are subjected to noise levels classified as dangerous by the WHO

[19]

. Noise is prevalent in nearly all job activities; nevertheless, certain tasks are linked to particularly elevated noise levels, notably those involving impact operations, certain material handling, and operating commercial aircraft. Professions with the greatest susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) encompass manufacturing, transportation, mining, construction, agriculture, and military service. The circumstances are enhancing in industrialized nations, as the broader recognition of the risk has resulted in protective initiatives. Data pertaining to poor countries is limited; nevertheless, existing research indicates that mean noise levels significantly exceed the occupational standards suggested in several wealthy nations

[20-23]

The health consequences of noise encompass both auditory and non-auditory impacts. Extensive study has been conducted on these effects across many populations employed in environments characterized by loud and high-frequency noise

[24-28]

. The auditory impact of noise produced by autos on traffic police personnel has not been investigated, especially in India

[15]

. The circumstances for traffic policeman in Dhaka city are quite analogous. This may be a basis for not supplying hearing protection equipment to this set of workers. Traffic officers should recognize the necessity, contingent upon their comprehension of the health hazards. The majority of individuals do not regard noise as a substantial environmental contaminant, resulting in minimal worry over its effects and potential harm. Medical professionals assert that exposure to a noise level of 80 dBA for over 15 minutes may result in temporary or permanent hearing impairment.

Currently, noise pollution in Bangladesh may not appear to be a significant issue. It is prudent to contemplate the possibilities. The noise problem might get much worse if the government does nothing to protect the people. Hence, in order to ascertain the whole extent of the issue, the correlation between noise levels and various land uses, and the dispersion of noise levels across Laxmipur District Town, this study examined the noise pollution levels in several regions.

2. Methodology

2.1. Study Area

The study was conducted at Laxmipur District Town (Figure 1). The selection of Laxmipur District Town is attributed to its significant tourist demand, increasing urbanization, and a substantial rise in the number of cars and industries in recent years. The ambient noise level in Laxmipur District Town typically exceeds international norms by two to three times. This poses possible detrimental effects on the environment and public health. This research focused on the Laxmipur District Town areas with elevated traffic volumes relative to other locations. An ambient sound pressure level meter (REED SD-4023) was utilized for measuring noise levels in the specified region. The survey was conducted on weekdays. The measurements were conducted at prominent traffic crossings throughout the city. The sound pressure level in the traffic zone was assessed using A-weighting. In Laxmipur District Town, 7 distinctive zones and 45 sites were delineated according to land use.

2.2. Data Collection

The sound level meter (REED SD-4023) was utilized to assess noise levels in Laxmipur District Town from January 1, 2021, to April 30, 2021. The SD series sound level meter offers triple range measurement and allows users to pick sample rates between 1 and 3600 seconds. A user may utilize an SD card (up to 16 GB) to set a preferred sampling rate and swiftly produce an Excel file containing raw data, all without requiring software. Optional accessories comprise a tripod and AC adapter for uninterrupted long-term monitoring, as well as PC software that enables users to monitor live measurements.

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Figure 1. Study Area of Laxmipur District Town.

2.3. Measuring Procedure and Analysis

The data recording function captures the highest and minimum values. Press the REC button once to initiate the Data Record function, and a "REC" sign will be shown. The screen will exhibit the "REC" symbol. 1. Press the REC button once, and a "REC. MAX." sign accompanied by the maximum value will be shown. To erase the maximum value, press the Hold Button once; the display will then indicate a “REC.” sign and constantly perform the memory operation. 2. Press the REC button once more, and a “REC. MIN.” sign accompanied by the minimal number will be shown. To eliminate the minimum value, push the Hold Button once; the display will then exhibit a “REC.” sign exclusively and will continually perform the memory function. 3. To terminate the memory recording feature, press the REC button for 2 seconds. The display will return to the present reading. The data was obtained at a height above 1.5 meters from the ground while positioned on the roadway. All forms of noise barriers were eliminated during the measurement of the real sound level. Data was sampled every second, with a total sampling duration of 5 minutes for each station. Recorded data was saved on a microSD card. The gathered data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel version 2010 and IBM SPSS version 20. All data are represented in various graphs and tables in accordance with different versions of ArcGIS v.10. Version 2.1 was utilized to create a research area map and a noise attenuation map.

3. Results and Discussion

Analysis of data from 10 points in the silent area of Laxmipur District Town shows that in Figure 2, despite the highest mean noise recorded being Samsundor Mondir and the Department of Forest (84.77 dBA), which is up to twice the silent area's standard daytime noise level. Conversely, the lowest mean noise level recorded at Titakha Mosjid-1 was 57.70 dBA. Furthermore, the maximum noise was found in Titakha Mosjid-2 (121.20 dBA), and the minimum noise was found in Titakha Mosjid-1 (40.70 dBA). The Leq of the silent area was 89 dBA and the mean noise level was 69.11 dBA. Titakha Mosjid-2 had the highest Leq level at 98.49 dBA, whereas Laxmipur Govt. Mohila College registered the lowest at 66.24 dBA.

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Figure 2. Noise Level (dBA) in Silent Areas.

Figure 3 depicts the noise level in residential areas among 3 points, despite the maximum noise level found at Master Road (101.10 dBA) and the minimum noise listed at Mia Bari Abasik (42.30 dBA). The Leq of the residential area was 79.34 dBA and the mean noise level was 67.76 dBA. The residential area's mean noise level was found at Master Road (71.98 dBA) as the maximum and the minimum mean at the Mia Bari Abasik (60.83 dBA). Moreover, the highest Leq was recorded in Master Road (80.16 dBA), while the lowest Leq was found in Mia Bari Abasik (77.31 dBA). Figure 4 illustrates that Laxmipur District Town noise data shows the maximum and minimum noise levels were observed at College Road (97.40 dBA and 61.70 dBA) between 2 areas. The Leq of the mixed areas was 82.32 dBA and the mean noise level was 76.75 dBA. The maximum noise level is significantly higher than the standard noise level for the mixed area. The highest mean was reported at Bagbari (77.41 dBA) and the lowest mean was at College Road (75.88 dBA). Furthermore, the maximum Leq was recorded in College Road (81.64 dBA), whereas the minimum Leq was found in Bagbari (80.07 dBA). Figure 5 illustrates the commercial area among 8 locations, with Dalal Bazar-1 having the highest noise level at 104.20 dBA and Temuhoni CNG Station having the lowest at 49.40 dBA. Additionally, the mean noise level was recorded as highest at Dalal Bazar-1 (81.44 dBA) and lowest at Fire Service (62.33 dBA). The Leq of the commercial area was 81.07 dBA and the mean noise level was 70.90 dBA. Furthermore, the highest Leq was found in Dalal Bazar-1 (86.30 dBA) and the lowest Leq was recorded in Vumi Office (58.51 dBA).

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Figure 3. Noise Level (dBA) in Residential Areas.

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Figure 4. Noise Level (dBA) in Mixed Areas.

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Figure 5. Noise Level (dBA) in Commercial Areas.

Despite the maximum noise found at the Industrial Area being Rehana Food (127.50 dBA), the minimum was also reported at Meghnar Par MBM Brick Field (38.70 dBA) in Figure 6 out of 9 sites. The highest mean noise level was observed in Quality Agro Industry (76.58 dBA), whereas the lowest mean noise level was found in Meghnar Par MBM Brick Field (56.45 dBA). The Leq of the industrial area was 95.70 dBA and the mean noise level was 67.57 dBA. Moreover, the highest Leq was recorded in Rehana Food (105.62 dBA) and the lowest Leq was found in Hi Food (66.19 dBA). Figure 7 demonstrates the noise levels in road intersections out of 4 areas, where the maximum noise level was found at Dalal Bazar (112.70 dBA) and the minimum at Temohoni (48.90 dBA). The mean maximum noise reported was in Chowkbazar (76.03 dBA), while the minimum was found in Temohoni (69.46 dBA). The Leq of the road intersection was 87.29 dBA and the mean noise level was 74.28 dBA. All the noise level values mentioned were nearly the same in their category. The highest Leq value was recorded at Dalal Bazar (96.75 dBA), whereas the lowest Leq was recorded in Temohoni (75.79 dBA). The village area in Figure 8 discloses the highest noise level at Berir Matha Meghna Road (101.20 dBA) and the lowest noise level was found at Banchon Nogor (39.60 dBA) among 9 areas. In addition, the mean value was found to be highest at Berir Matha Meghna (68.13 dBA) and lowest at Banchan Nogor (54.43 dBA). The Leq of the village area was 75.40 dBA and the mean noise level was 64.49 dBA. The maximum Leq was recorded in Berir Matha Meghna Road (79.55 dBA), while the minimum Leq was found in Banchan Nogor (61.38 dBA).

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Figure 6. Noise Level (dBA) in Industrial Areas.

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Figure 7. Noise Level (dBA) in Road Intersection.

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Figure 8. Noise Level (dBA) in Village Areas.

Table 1. Dispersion of Noise Quality in Different Land Use in Laxmipur District Town.

Land Use (N)	Mean	Minimum	Maximum	Standard Deviation	Range	Median	Rank
Silent Area (10)	69.11	40.70	121.20	12.11	80.50	67.80	4
Residential Area (3)	67.76	42.30	101.10	10.14	58.80	67.30	5
Mixed Areas (2)	76.75	61.70	99.20	6.31	37.50	76.20	1
Commercial Area (8)	70.90	49.40	104.20	8.93	54.80	70.10	3
Industrial Area (9)	67.57	38.70	127.50	9.32	88.80	67.40	6
Road Intersection (4)	74.28	48.90	112.70	8.19	63.80	73.40	2
Village Area (9)	64.49	39.60	121.20	9.45	81.60	64.20	7
Mean (45)	68.78	38.70	127.50	10.35	88.80	68.40	-

The subsequent table 1 demonstrates the descriptive statistics for the noise quality of the study. There are a total of 7 land use categories. The table shows the descriptive data for the noise quality of the research area seven land uses. The highest mean was in the Mixed Area (76.75 dBA) and the lowest mean was in the Village Area (64.49 dBA). The Industrial Area (88.80 dBA) has the highest ranges, while the Mixed Area (37.50 dBA) has the lowest.

The analysis of the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation reveals that the road intersection exhibits the most significant variation. This evidence indicates that the noise levels in this area fluctuate significantly due to the diverse activities occurring within it. The whisker box plot (Figure 9) illustrates the mean noise pollution levels in Laxmipur District Town. A horizontal black line indicates the median value. The lower boundary of the box represents the 25th percentile. The 75th percentile is located at the upper edge of the box. The whisker indicates the maximum value (upper whisker) and the minimum value (lower whisker). Values exceeding the whiskers represent outliers.

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Figure 9. Mean Noise Pollution in Laxmipur District Town.

Figure 10 shows the land-use-based cluster in terms of dBA. There is only one cluster representing residential and industrial areas.

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Figure 10. Land Use based Cluster, in Terms of dBA.

Table 2. Post-hoc Analysis.

(I) Land Use	(J) Land Use	Mean Difference (I-J)	Standard Error	Sig.
Silent Area	Residential Area	1.3514*	0.50538	0
	Mixed Areas	-7.6376*	0.31107	0.007
	Commercial Area	-1.7854*	0.36438	0
	Industrial Area	1.5447*	0.284	0
	Road Intersection	-5.1681*	0.30863	0
	Village Area	4.6172*	0.47997	0
Residential Area	Silent Area	-1.3514*	0.50538	0
	Mixed Areas	-8.9890*	0.513	0
	Commercial Area	-3.1367*	0.54697	0.55
	Industrial Area	0.1933	0.49705	0
	Road Intersection	-6.5195*	0.51152	0.206
	Village Area	3.2659*	0.6299	0.019
Mixed Areas	Silent Area	7.6376*	0.31107	0.007
	Residential Area	8.9890*	0.513	0
	Commercial Area	5.8522*	0.37487	0
	Industrial Area	9.1823*	0.29734	0
	Road Intersection	2.4695*	0.32095	0
	Village Area	12.2549*	0.48798	0
Commercial Area	Silent Area	1.7854*	0.36438	0
	Residential Area	3.1367*	0.54697	0.55
	Mixed Areas	-5.8522*	0.37487	0
	Industrial Area	3.3300*	0.35273	0
	Road Intersection	-3.3827*	0.37285	0.009
	Village Area	6.4026*	0.52357	0.001
Industrial Area	Silent Area	-1.5447*	0.284	0
	Residential Area	-0.1933	0.49705	0
	Mixed Areas	-9.1823*	0.29734	0
	Commercial Area	-3.3300*	0.35273	0
	Road Intersection	-6.7128*	0.29479	0
	Village Area	3.0726*	0.47119	0
Road Intersection	Silent Area	5.1681*	0.30863	0
	Residential Area	6.5195*	0.51152	0.206
	Mixed Areas	-2.4695*	0.32095	0
	Commercial Area	3.3827*	0.37285	0.009
	Industrial Area	6.7128*	0.29479	0
	Village Area	9.7854*	0.48643	0.089
Village Area	Silent Area	-4.6172*	0.47997	0
	Residential Area	-3.2659*	0.6299	0.019
	Mixed Areas	-12.2549*	0.48798	0
	Commercial Area	-6.4026*	0.52357	0.001
	Industrial Area	-3.0726*	0.47119	0
	Road Intersection	-9.7854*	0.48643	0.089
Based on observed means. The error term is Mean Square (Error) = 99.403. * The mean difference is significant at the 0.

Table 2 shows the post-hoc analysis revealing disparities among land uses. It demonstrates substantial disparities among the seven allocated land uses. The mean differences are greatly reduced (the mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level) for certain land uses.

Table 3. Comply with Noise Standard

[29]

Land Use (N)	Location	Standard Value	Within Standard (%)
Silent Area (10)	Ansar Camp	50	0.00%
	Dalal Bazar Digree College		0.00%
	Dalal Bazar Govt. Primary Girls School		11.25%
	Dalal Bazar Primary School		0.00%
	Department of Forest		0.00%
	Laxmipur Govt. Mohila College		0.00%
	Moddho Banchannogor Primary School		0.33%
	Samsundor Mondir		0.00%
	Titakha Mosjid-1		25.00%
	Titakha Mosjid-2		0.00%
Mean			3.66%
Residential Area (3)	Master Road	55	0.00%
	Mia Bari Abasik		47.62%
	Shakhari Para		21.97%
Mean			23.20%
Mixed Areas (2)	Bagbari	60	0.00%
Mixed Areas (2)	College Road	60	6.00%
Mean			3.00%
Commercial Area (8)	Dalal Bazar -1	70	4.04%
	Fire Service		88.08%
	Raypur, Dalal Bazar		21.57%
	Sornokar Road		43.95%
	TaTa Service Centre		55.23%
	Temuhoni CNG Station		55.10%
	Thana Road		43.95%
	Vumi Office		70.82%
Mean			47.84%
Industrial Area (9)	Chowdhury Auto Rice	75	59.02%
	Hi Food		95.51%
	Meghnar Par MBM Brick Field		98.30%
	Mobile Factory		82.85%
	Plastic Scrap Factory		75.08%
	Quality Agro Industry		49.28%
	Raihan Industry		94.44%
	Rehana food		73.46%
	Sultanita Bekari		80.00%
Mean			78.66%
All Mean			26.63%

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Figure 11. Spatial Map of Mean Noise Pollution.

Table 3 demonstrates that 26.63% areas of Laxmipur District Town were belonged to the noise standard among 5 land uses. 3.66% of the areas in the silent zone met the noise standard across 10 locations, 23.20% of the areas in the residential zone met the noise standard across 3 locations, 3.00% of the areas in the mixed zone met the noise standard across 2 locations, 47.84% of the areas in the commercial zone met the noise standard across 8 locations, and 78.66% of the areas in the industrial zone met the noise standard across 9 locations.

25.00% within the standard observed in Titakha Mosjid (Silent region). The residential area values constitute 47.62% of the standard value in Mia Bari Abasik. The mixed areas depicted on College Road are 6.00% within the normal range. The commercial area data is highest within the norm for fire service at 88.08%. The results in the industrial area shown indicate a peak value of 98.30% within the standard stated at Meghnar Par MBM Brick Field.

The present study was carried out on 7 land uses, but only 5 were included in the Sound Pollution (Control) Rules—2006. Therefore, while comparing all land uses with noise standards, village areas and road intersections were not taken into account.

Figure 11 illustrates the noise levels at several locations inside Laxmipur District Town. The yellow regions are restricted, while elevated levels are shown in orange and red. The noise level was determined to be higher (78-81 dBA). The Department of Forest (84.77 dBA), Samsundor Mondir (81.77 dBA), and Dalal Bazar-1 (81.44 dBA) were classified in the red zone, whereas Banchan Nogor (54.43 dBA), Meghnar Par MBM Brick Field (56.45 dBA), and Mosque (57.70 dBA) were classified in the green zone.

4. Conclusions

In our study, we found that in all the locations, the noise level exceeded the national standard. Noise pollution has become one of the worst environmental problems, affecting about ten million inhabitants, including Laxmipur District Town, other big cities, and rapidly growing semi-urban areas in Bangladesh. Laxmipur District Town's mean noise pollution level and Leq were found to be 68.78 dBA and 92.46 dBA, respectively. Silent areas had a mean of 69.11 dBA and Leq of 89.00 dBA; residential areas had a mean of 67.76 dBA and Leq of 79.34 dBA; mixed areas had a mean of 76.75 dBA and Leq of 82.32 dBA; commercial areas had a mean of 70.90 dBA and Leq of 81.07 dBA; industrial areas had a mean of 67.57 dBA and Leq of 95.70 dBA; road intersections had a mean of 74.28 dBA and Leq of 87.29 dBA; and village areas had a mean of 64.49 dBA and Leq of 75.40 dBA. Based on mean noise level, the hierarchy in various land uses was Mixed Areas > Road Intersection > Commercial Area > Silent Area > Residential Area > Industrial Area > Village Area. Based on Leq, the three greatest noise-polluted places were Rehana Food (105.62 dBA), Titakha Mosjid-2 (98.49 dBA), and Dalal Bazar (96.75 dBA); the three lowest were Vumi Office (58.51 dBA), Banchan Nogor (61.38 dBA), and Hi Food (66.19 dBA). The economic cost of the sickness and premature death associated with noise pollution has been estimated to be several hundred million dollars per year, according to a World Bank study. The present work has several more specific implications for future research linked to the points listed above. This work has revealed the need for further monitoring of noise quality. With an increasing number of vehicles and tourists in Laxmipur District Town, the noise level has been rising rapidly over the last few years. But noise pollution is not looked at as a major form of pollution, as people are not aware of the adverse effects it can have on human health. Noise pollution is a serious and neglected issue in Laxmipur and throughout Bangladesh. It is time for NGOs, the media, and the government of Bangladesh to work together to reduce the problem and increase the quality of life in this country. As many of the sources of noise pollution are unnecessary and could be reduced fairly easily and at little cost, there is no excuse for further delaying action. Given the magnitude of the problem and of the human suffering that results, we can no longer afford to neglect the issue of noise pollution. We must take this issue seriously and start working on solutions for the health, sanity, and well-being of the population and our children. Whether as individuals, NGO staff, or members of the media, we can and must take specific steps to reduce the problem of noise pollution.

Abbreviations

AC	Alternating Current
CA	Commercial Area
CAPS	Center for Atmospheric Pollution Studies
CNG	Compressed Natural Gas
dBA	A-weighted Decibel
DoE	Department of Environment
GB	Gigabyte
GIS	Geographic Information System
Govt.	Government
IA	Industrial Area
Leq	Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level
Ltd	Limited
MA	Mixed Areas
MAX	Maximum
MBM	Madina Bricks Manufacturing
MIN	Minimum
N	Number (in Terms of Quantity)
NIHL	Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
PC	Personal Computer
RA	Residential Area
REC	Record
RIS	Road Intersections
SA	Silent Area
SD	Secure Digital
Sig	Significant
SPSS	Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
VA	Village Area
WHO	World Health Organization

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Center for Atmospheric Pollution Studies (CAPS) for their noteworthy support.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from each individual participant involved in this study.

Statement of Human Rights

This study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments.

Statement of Animal Welfare

All animals involved in this study were treated in accordance with the ethical standards set forth by the institution at which the study was conducted.

Author Contributions

Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Md. Taiful Arefin Bhuiya: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Funding

This study was funded by the Center for Atmospheric Pollution Studies (CAPS).

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Majumder, A. K., Bhuiyan, M. T. A. (2025). Assessing the Extent of Noise Pollution in Laxmipur District Town, Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 13(2), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12

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Majumder, A. K.; Bhuiyan, M. T. A. Assessing the Extent of Noise Pollution in Laxmipur District Town, Bangladesh. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2025, 13(2), 61-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12

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Majumder AK, Bhuiyan MTA. Assessing the Extent of Noise Pollution in Laxmipur District Town, Bangladesh. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2025;13(2):61-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12,
  author = {Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder and Md. Taiful Arefin Bhuiyan},
  title = {Assessing the Extent of Noise Pollution in Laxmipur District Town, Bangladesh
},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {61-73},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20251302.12},
  abstract = {Noise pollution is a concerning issue in Bangladesh due to its impact on human health. It is increasing in Laxmipur District Town in recent years due to the introduction of a number of different vehicles. Some vehicles, particularly rickshaws and auto-rickshaws, may use outdated mechanical horns, exacerbating the noise, the use of heavy machinery for construction, and the unregulated use of loudspeakers in social, religious, and political events and public announcements. The current study has been carried out to assess the extent of noise pollution in various areas of Laxmipur District Town. 7 different zones, along with 45 locations, were selected in Laxmipur District Town based on land use. A sound level meter (REED SD-4023) was used to monitor noise levels in Laxmipur District Town from January 01, 2021, to April 30, 2021. At each sampling location, several samples were collected. Three times a day, we have measured the noise level in every location. The mean noise pollution level and Leq of Laxmipur District Town were determined to be 68.78 dBA and 92.46 dBA, respectively. The measured mean and Leq values were 69.11 dBA and 89.00 dBA for silent areas, 67.76 dBA and 79.34 dBA for residential areas, 76.75 dBA and 82.32 dBA for mixed areas, 70.90 dBA and 81.07 dBA for commercial areas, 67.57 dBA and 95.70 dBA for industrial areas, 74.28 dBA and 87.29 dBA for road intersections, and 64.49 dBA and 75.40 dBA for village areas, respectively. The hierarchy in different land uses based on mean noise level was Mixed Areas > Road Intersection > Commercial Area > Silent Area > Residential Area > Industrial Area > Village Area. The three highest noise-polluted areas were Rehana Food (105.62 dBA), Titakha Mosjid-2 (98.49 dBA), and Dalal Bazar (96.75 dBA), whereas the three lowest noise-polluted areas were Vumi Office (58.51 dBA), Banchan Nogor (61.38 dBA), and Hi Food (66.19 dBA), based on Leq. However, a study found that every sample location's noise level exceeded the national guideline.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessing the Extent of Noise Pollution in Laxmipur District Town, Bangladesh

AU - Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder
AU - Md. Taiful Arefin Bhuiyan
Y1 - 2025/06/20
PY - 2025
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12
T2 - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP - 61
EP - 73
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7667
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12
AB - Noise pollution is a concerning issue in Bangladesh due to its impact on human health. It is increasing in Laxmipur District Town in recent years due to the introduction of a number of different vehicles. Some vehicles, particularly rickshaws and auto-rickshaws, may use outdated mechanical horns, exacerbating the noise, the use of heavy machinery for construction, and the unregulated use of loudspeakers in social, religious, and political events and public announcements. The current study has been carried out to assess the extent of noise pollution in various areas of Laxmipur District Town. 7 different zones, along with 45 locations, were selected in Laxmipur District Town based on land use. A sound level meter (REED SD-4023) was used to monitor noise levels in Laxmipur District Town from January 01, 2021, to April 30, 2021. At each sampling location, several samples were collected. Three times a day, we have measured the noise level in every location. The mean noise pollution level and Leq of Laxmipur District Town were determined to be 68.78 dBA and 92.46 dBA, respectively. The measured mean and Leq values were 69.11 dBA and 89.00 dBA for silent areas, 67.76 dBA and 79.34 dBA for residential areas, 76.75 dBA and 82.32 dBA for mixed areas, 70.90 dBA and 81.07 dBA for commercial areas, 67.57 dBA and 95.70 dBA for industrial areas, 74.28 dBA and 87.29 dBA for road intersections, and 64.49 dBA and 75.40 dBA for village areas, respectively. The hierarchy in different land uses based on mean noise level was Mixed Areas > Road Intersection > Commercial Area > Silent Area > Residential Area > Industrial Area > Village Area. The three highest noise-polluted areas were Rehana Food (105.62 dBA), Titakha Mosjid-2 (98.49 dBA), and Dalal Bazar (96.75 dBA), whereas the three lowest noise-polluted areas were Vumi Office (58.51 dBA), Banchan Nogor (61.38 dBA), and Hi Food (66.19 dBA), based on Leq. However, a study found that every sample location's noise level exceeded the national guideline.

VL - 13
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder

Department of Environmental Science, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Center for Atmospheric Pollution Studies (CAPS), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6955-607X
Md. Taiful Arefin Bhuiyan

Department of Environmental Science, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-5515-0021

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Majumder, A. K., Bhuiyan, M. T. A. (2025). Assessing the Extent of Noise Pollution in Laxmipur District Town, Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 13(2), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12

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ACS Style

Majumder, A. K.; Bhuiyan, M. T. A. Assessing the Extent of Noise Pollution in Laxmipur District Town, Bangladesh. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2025, 13(2), 61-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12

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AMA Style

Majumder AK, Bhuiyan MTA. Assessing the Extent of Noise Pollution in Laxmipur District Town, Bangladesh. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2025;13(2):61-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12,
  author = {Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder and Md. Taiful Arefin Bhuiyan},
  title = {Assessing the Extent of Noise Pollution in Laxmipur District Town, Bangladesh
},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {61-73},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20251302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20251302.12},
  abstract = {Noise pollution is a concerning issue in Bangladesh due to its impact on human health. It is increasing in Laxmipur District Town in recent years due to the introduction of a number of different vehicles. Some vehicles, particularly rickshaws and auto-rickshaws, may use outdated mechanical horns, exacerbating the noise, the use of heavy machinery for construction, and the unregulated use of loudspeakers in social, religious, and political events and public announcements. The current study has been carried out to assess the extent of noise pollution in various areas of Laxmipur District Town. 7 different zones, along with 45 locations, were selected in Laxmipur District Town based on land use. A sound level meter (REED SD-4023) was used to monitor noise levels in Laxmipur District Town from January 01, 2021, to April 30, 2021. At each sampling location, several samples were collected. Three times a day, we have measured the noise level in every location. The mean noise pollution level and Leq of Laxmipur District Town were determined to be 68.78 dBA and 92.46 dBA, respectively. The measured mean and Leq values were 69.11 dBA and 89.00 dBA for silent areas, 67.76 dBA and 79.34 dBA for residential areas, 76.75 dBA and 82.32 dBA for mixed areas, 70.90 dBA and 81.07 dBA for commercial areas, 67.57 dBA and 95.70 dBA for industrial areas, 74.28 dBA and 87.29 dBA for road intersections, and 64.49 dBA and 75.40 dBA for village areas, respectively. The hierarchy in different land uses based on mean noise level was Mixed Areas > Road Intersection > Commercial Area > Silent Area > Residential Area > Industrial Area > Village Area. The three highest noise-polluted areas were Rehana Food (105.62 dBA), Titakha Mosjid-2 (98.49 dBA), and Dalal Bazar (96.75 dBA), whereas the three lowest noise-polluted areas were Vumi Office (58.51 dBA), Banchan Nogor (61.38 dBA), and Hi Food (66.19 dBA), based on Leq. However, a study found that every sample location's noise level exceeded the national guideline.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessing the Extent of Noise Pollution in Laxmipur District Town, Bangladesh

VL - 13
IS - 2
ER -

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