Production and Characterization of Bioethanol from Acid Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass (<i>Maize Cob</i>)

Ogala Harrison; Chidozie Ekene; Iboyi Nathaniel

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13

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Production and Characterization of Bioethanol from Acid Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass (Maize Cob)

Ogala Harrison, Chidozie Ekene, Iboyi Nathaniel

Published in Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 26 May 2022 Accepted: 13 June 2022 Published: 20 July 2022

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Abstract

The purpose of this finding is to produce ethanol using a second generation biomass (maize cob) and to investigate the potential of bioethanol production from cellulosic biomass (maize cob). Due to a great dependence on fossil resources, continuously rising of petroleum cost and increase in greenhouse emission have compelled policy makers toward attaining a renewable and sustainable source of energy such as bioethanol. In the cause of production of bioethanol using maize cob, the study of dilute H₂SO₄ hydrolysis (0.25 M to 2M) was first carried out at varying temperatures; (40 to 100°C) and reaction time (60 to 105 min) under a magnetic stirrer. The percentage yield of glucose was carried out to ascertain the yield from the substrate used, physicochemical characterization was also done to know both the physical and chemical component of the bioethanol produce also, fuel characterization was conducted on the bioethanol to ascertain if the produce is truly bioethanol and to know if it can be used as fuels in engines. From the result, a low glucose yield was observed at low acid concentration of 0.25 M and 0.5 M with gradual increase at 1 M and 2 M. A remarkable glucose yield was observed at high temperature 90°C with declining effect on glucose yield as the reaction time exceeded 90 min. The result further showed that yeast had effect on the glucose yield during fermentation. Bioethanol was later recovered through distillation at 78.9°C after fermentation. Physicochemical properties of the bioethanol under study such as; color, specific gravity (0.781 g/cm3), pH (7.2) and refractive index (1.3477) indicated that both complied with ASTM Standard for E100 with exception of Refractive Index which is slightly low. The fuel properties such as; Flash Point (16.50°C) and Octane Rating (117) indicated that both are within ASTM E100 set limit with exception of Cloud Point (-11°C) which is lower than the Standard and Pour Point (-13°C) which is higher than the ASTM Limitations. From this findings, it is well discovered that maize cob has high cellulosic content and as such it is suitable for bioethanol production having passed the physicochemical and fuel properties characterization.

Published in	Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13
Page(s)	66-70
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bioethanol, Fermentation, Distillation, Maize Cob, Glucose

References

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APA Style

Ogala Harrison, Chidozie Ekene, Iboyi Nathaniel. (2022). Production and Characterization of Bioethanol from Acid Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass (Maize Cob). Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, 7(3), 66-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13

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ACS Style

Ogala Harrison; Chidozie Ekene; Iboyi Nathaniel. Production and Characterization of Bioethanol from Acid Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass (Maize Cob). J. Energy Environ. Chem. Eng. 2022, 7(3), 66-70. doi: 10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13

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AMA Style

Ogala Harrison, Chidozie Ekene, Iboyi Nathaniel. Production and Characterization of Bioethanol from Acid Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass (Maize Cob). J Energy Environ Chem Eng. 2022;7(3):66-70. doi: 10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13

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@article{10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13,
  author = {Ogala Harrison and Chidozie Ekene and Iboyi Nathaniel},
  title = {Production and Characterization of Bioethanol from Acid Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass (Maize Cob)},
  journal = {Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {66-70},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeece.20220703.13},
  abstract = {The purpose of this finding is to produce ethanol using a second generation biomass (maize cob) and to investigate the potential of bioethanol production from cellulosic biomass (maize cob). Due to a great dependence on fossil resources, continuously rising of petroleum cost and increase in greenhouse emission have compelled policy makers toward attaining a renewable and sustainable source of energy such as bioethanol. In the cause of production of bioethanol using maize cob, the study of dilute H2SO4 hydrolysis (0.25 M to 2M) was first carried out at varying temperatures; (40 to 100°C) and reaction time (60 to 105 min) under a magnetic stirrer. The percentage yield of glucose was carried out to ascertain the yield from the substrate used, physicochemical characterization was also done to know both the physical and chemical component of the bioethanol produce also, fuel characterization was conducted on the bioethanol to ascertain if the produce is truly bioethanol and to know if it can be used as fuels in engines. From the result, a low glucose yield was observed at low acid concentration of 0.25 M and 0.5 M with gradual increase at 1 M and 2 M. A remarkable glucose yield was observed at high temperature 90°C with declining effect on glucose yield as the reaction time exceeded 90 min. The result further showed that yeast had effect on the glucose yield during fermentation. Bioethanol was later recovered through distillation at 78.9°C after fermentation. Physicochemical properties of the bioethanol under study such as; color, specific gravity (0.781 g/cm3), pH (7.2) and refractive index (1.3477) indicated that both complied with ASTM Standard for E100 with exception of Refractive Index which is slightly low. The fuel properties such as; Flash Point (16.50°C) and Octane Rating (117) indicated that both are within ASTM E100 set limit with exception of Cloud Point (-11°C) which is lower than the Standard and Pour Point (-13°C) which is higher than the ASTM Limitations. From this findings, it is well discovered that maize cob has high cellulosic content and as such it is suitable for bioethanol production having passed the physicochemical and fuel properties characterization.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Production and Characterization of Bioethanol from Acid Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass (Maize Cob)
AU  - Ogala Harrison
AU  - Chidozie Ekene
AU  - Iboyi Nathaniel
Y1  - 2022/07/20
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13
T2  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
JF  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
JO  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
SP  - 66
EP  - 70
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-434X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13
AB  - The purpose of this finding is to produce ethanol using a second generation biomass (maize cob) and to investigate the potential of bioethanol production from cellulosic biomass (maize cob). Due to a great dependence on fossil resources, continuously rising of petroleum cost and increase in greenhouse emission have compelled policy makers toward attaining a renewable and sustainable source of energy such as bioethanol. In the cause of production of bioethanol using maize cob, the study of dilute H2SO4 hydrolysis (0.25 M to 2M) was first carried out at varying temperatures; (40 to 100°C) and reaction time (60 to 105 min) under a magnetic stirrer. The percentage yield of glucose was carried out to ascertain the yield from the substrate used, physicochemical characterization was also done to know both the physical and chemical component of the bioethanol produce also, fuel characterization was conducted on the bioethanol to ascertain if the produce is truly bioethanol and to know if it can be used as fuels in engines. From the result, a low glucose yield was observed at low acid concentration of 0.25 M and 0.5 M with gradual increase at 1 M and 2 M. A remarkable glucose yield was observed at high temperature 90°C with declining effect on glucose yield as the reaction time exceeded 90 min. The result further showed that yeast had effect on the glucose yield during fermentation. Bioethanol was later recovered through distillation at 78.9°C after fermentation. Physicochemical properties of the bioethanol under study such as; color, specific gravity (0.781 g/cm3), pH (7.2) and refractive index (1.3477) indicated that both complied with ASTM Standard for E100 with exception of Refractive Index which is slightly low. The fuel properties such as; Flash Point (16.50°C) and Octane Rating (117) indicated that both are within ASTM E100 set limit with exception of Cloud Point (-11°C) which is lower than the Standard and Pour Point (-13°C) which is higher than the ASTM Limitations. From this findings, it is well discovered that maize cob has high cellulosic content and as such it is suitable for bioethanol production having passed the physicochemical and fuel properties characterization.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ogala Harrison

Department of Biology and Forensic Sciences, Admiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa, Nigeria
Chidozie Ekene

Department of Biology and Forensic Sciences, Admiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa, Nigeria
Iboyi Nathaniel

Department of Biology and Forensic Sciences, Admiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ogala Harrison, Chidozie Ekene, Iboyi Nathaniel. (2022). Production and Characterization of Bioethanol from Acid Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass (Maize Cob). Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, 7(3), 66-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13

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ACS Style

Ogala Harrison; Chidozie Ekene; Iboyi Nathaniel. Production and Characterization of Bioethanol from Acid Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass (Maize Cob). J. Energy Environ. Chem. Eng. 2022, 7(3), 66-70. doi: 10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13

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AMA Style

Ogala Harrison, Chidozie Ekene, Iboyi Nathaniel. Production and Characterization of Bioethanol from Acid Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass (Maize Cob). J Energy Environ Chem Eng. 2022;7(3):66-70. doi: 10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13,
  author = {Ogala Harrison and Chidozie Ekene and Iboyi Nathaniel},
  title = {Production and Characterization of Bioethanol from Acid Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass (Maize Cob)},
  journal = {Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {66-70},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeece.20220703.13},
  abstract = {The purpose of this finding is to produce ethanol using a second generation biomass (maize cob) and to investigate the potential of bioethanol production from cellulosic biomass (maize cob). Due to a great dependence on fossil resources, continuously rising of petroleum cost and increase in greenhouse emission have compelled policy makers toward attaining a renewable and sustainable source of energy such as bioethanol. In the cause of production of bioethanol using maize cob, the study of dilute H2SO4 hydrolysis (0.25 M to 2M) was first carried out at varying temperatures; (40 to 100°C) and reaction time (60 to 105 min) under a magnetic stirrer. The percentage yield of glucose was carried out to ascertain the yield from the substrate used, physicochemical characterization was also done to know both the physical and chemical component of the bioethanol produce also, fuel characterization was conducted on the bioethanol to ascertain if the produce is truly bioethanol and to know if it can be used as fuels in engines. From the result, a low glucose yield was observed at low acid concentration of 0.25 M and 0.5 M with gradual increase at 1 M and 2 M. A remarkable glucose yield was observed at high temperature 90°C with declining effect on glucose yield as the reaction time exceeded 90 min. The result further showed that yeast had effect on the glucose yield during fermentation. Bioethanol was later recovered through distillation at 78.9°C after fermentation. Physicochemical properties of the bioethanol under study such as; color, specific gravity (0.781 g/cm3), pH (7.2) and refractive index (1.3477) indicated that both complied with ASTM Standard for E100 with exception of Refractive Index which is slightly low. The fuel properties such as; Flash Point (16.50°C) and Octane Rating (117) indicated that both are within ASTM E100 set limit with exception of Cloud Point (-11°C) which is lower than the Standard and Pour Point (-13°C) which is higher than the ASTM Limitations. From this findings, it is well discovered that maize cob has high cellulosic content and as such it is suitable for bioethanol production having passed the physicochemical and fuel properties characterization.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Production and Characterization of Bioethanol from Acid Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass (Maize Cob)
AU  - Ogala Harrison
AU  - Chidozie Ekene
AU  - Iboyi Nathaniel
Y1  - 2022/07/20
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13
T2  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
JF  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
JO  - Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering
SP  - 66
EP  - 70
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-434X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeece.20220703.13
AB  - The purpose of this finding is to produce ethanol using a second generation biomass (maize cob) and to investigate the potential of bioethanol production from cellulosic biomass (maize cob). Due to a great dependence on fossil resources, continuously rising of petroleum cost and increase in greenhouse emission have compelled policy makers toward attaining a renewable and sustainable source of energy such as bioethanol. In the cause of production of bioethanol using maize cob, the study of dilute H2SO4 hydrolysis (0.25 M to 2M) was first carried out at varying temperatures; (40 to 100°C) and reaction time (60 to 105 min) under a magnetic stirrer. The percentage yield of glucose was carried out to ascertain the yield from the substrate used, physicochemical characterization was also done to know both the physical and chemical component of the bioethanol produce also, fuel characterization was conducted on the bioethanol to ascertain if the produce is truly bioethanol and to know if it can be used as fuels in engines. From the result, a low glucose yield was observed at low acid concentration of 0.25 M and 0.5 M with gradual increase at 1 M and 2 M. A remarkable glucose yield was observed at high temperature 90°C with declining effect on glucose yield as the reaction time exceeded 90 min. The result further showed that yeast had effect on the glucose yield during fermentation. Bioethanol was later recovered through distillation at 78.9°C after fermentation. Physicochemical properties of the bioethanol under study such as; color, specific gravity (0.781 g/cm3), pH (7.2) and refractive index (1.3477) indicated that both complied with ASTM Standard for E100 with exception of Refractive Index which is slightly low. The fuel properties such as; Flash Point (16.50°C) and Octane Rating (117) indicated that both are within ASTM E100 set limit with exception of Cloud Point (-11°C) which is lower than the Standard and Pour Point (-13°C) which is higher than the ASTM Limitations. From this findings, it is well discovered that maize cob has high cellulosic content and as such it is suitable for bioethanol production having passed the physicochemical and fuel properties characterization.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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