Effectiveness of Alternative Conservation Means in Protecting the Osun-osogbo Sacred Grove in South-West, Nigeria
Adesoji Akinwumi Adeyemi,
Tolulope Hannah Oyinloye
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
1-9
Received:
27 December 2019
Accepted:
7 January 2020
Published:
17 January 2020
Abstract: Osun-Osogbo Grove has great cultural histories, but the impacts on biodiversity conservation are hardly captured with many of the component parts unreported. Adequate knowledge of the effectiveness of these traditional means as a sustainable alternative to failed-conventional engagements is worthwhile. Therefore, we investigated some cultural norms, beliefs and traditions and their effectiveness in adequately protecting biodiversity in the grove. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for questionnaire administrations on staff, tourists and the households in the surrounding communities. Three sets of questionnaires were administered on the local residents, staff and custodians of the grove as well as the grove management and custodians. Information was obtained on traditional laws and taboos associated with the grove, and their effectiveness. The coordinates of the referenced cultural values were taken using a GPS receiver Photographs of all relevant features were also taken to substantiate key observations. The taboos identified within the site were farming, killing of animals, fishing, felling of trees, and pollution of the environment and unauthorized building of structures. Tourists’ visitations to OOSG were age, gender, religion and education-level dependent. The traditional norms and customs were found to be very potent in protecting the area over conventional laws.
Abstract: Osun-Osogbo Grove has great cultural histories, but the impacts on biodiversity conservation are hardly captured with many of the component parts unreported. Adequate knowledge of the effectiveness of these traditional means as a sustainable alternative to failed-conventional engagements is worthwhile. Therefore, we investigated some cultural norms...
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A Mild Methylation of Whole Leaf Producing Per-O-methyl Cellulo Di-phospho Amino Acid (Dipeptide)
Jesus’ Christus,
Michael Arden Madson
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
10-16
Received:
5 March 2020
Accepted:
20 March 2020
Published:
28 April 2020
Abstract: A mild methylation method is detailed in this work. It uses 1N NaOH to deprotonate primary and secondary hydroxyl groups for short time. Excess 1N NH4OH (1.00 ml, pH 11.4) is added, followed by NaHCO3 to make the carbonate esters by nucleophilic substitution of the deprotonated primary and secondary OH groups. The reaction conditions include; ambient temperature and for an appropriate time. Then NaBH4 is added and the reaction conditions are; standing at ambient temperature for at least 4 hours. This converts the carbonate esters to the methyl ethers. Work-up includes transferring the methylated switchgrass leaf section to a vial containing 1N HCl (1.00 ml). The leaf needs to be submerged in the acid. The reaction conditions include; heating the reaction vessel at 72°C, for 4 days. The contents of the vial are reduced in volume to syrup with a stream of air. The mixture dissolves completely in methanol. Mass spectrometry is done on a methanol solution in the negative ion ESI mode. The mass spectral interpretation reveals the presence of methylated glucan amimo acids and glucan dipeptides. The molecules identified were per-O-methylated glucans linked to either serine or asparagine through a di-(hydrido) di-phospho di-hydratephe moeity. It is possible that one ion is derived from a phosphorylated tyrosine linked to either the serine or asparagine linked to an originally di-phospho cellulo-glucan.
Abstract: A mild methylation method is detailed in this work. It uses 1N NaOH to deprotonate primary and secondary hydroxyl groups for short time. Excess 1N NH4OH (1.00 ml, pH 11.4) is added, followed by NaHCO3 to make the carbonate esters by nucleophilic substitution of the deprotonated primary and secondary OH groups. The reaction conditions include; ambie...
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