Effect of Lay-up Placement on Physical Properties of Hybrid Composite Reinforced E-glass/Kevlar 49

Subhan Ali Jogi; Moazam Baloch; Asif Shah; Zubair Laghari; Inamullah Maitlo; Ifikhar Memon

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Effect of Lay-up Placement on Physical Properties of Hybrid Composite Reinforced E-glass/Kevlar 49

Subhan Ali Jogi, Moazam Baloch, Asif Shah, Zubair Laghari, Inamullah Maitlo, Ifikhar Memon

Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 30 April 2019 Accepted: 23 June 2019 Published: 10 January 2020

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Hybrid composites have developed and demanding industrial application and replaced metals and non-metal by specific characteristics. The research work concerned with E- glass epoxy and E-glass / Kevlar 49 reinforcement epoxy. The reinforcing materials oriented at 0°/90°, 45°/45° and 30°/60° lay-up placement. The laminate was produced by hand lay-up method Vacuum Bagging Resin Transfer Molding Technique is used for air escape from the mold cavity for effective adhesion between layers of structural composites. The experimental results achieved by conducting hardness of the samples by following the ASTM standard. The ASTM D-2240 durometer was made to perform hardness over the standard samples. The water absorption characteristics of each specimen of different orientation were observed at different humidity level. Electronic weighing balance ASTM D-570 and Electronic densimeter ASTM D-792 was used for water absorption and density respectively. GFK-0°/90° (Glass fiber and Kevlar 0°/90°) has good hardness result and low density, GF 0°/90° has higher density and low water absorption and GFK 30°/60° has higher capability to absorb water than other orientations, Higher density explain the internal structure with low porous structure which has been confirmed due to low water absorption of this material.

Published in	International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12
Page(s)	11-16
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hybrid Composites, Hardness, Density, Water Absorption, Glass/Kevlar Fiber Reinforcement, Epoxy, VRTM, Strength-to-Weight

References

[1]	Jefferson, A. J., V. Arumugam, and H. Dhakal, Repair of Polymer Composites: Methodology, Techniques, and Challenges. 2018: Woodhead Publishing.
[2]	Kalaiyarasan, A., P. Ramesh, and P. Paramasivam, Study of Advanced Composite Materials in Aerospace Application. International Journal Of Scientific Research In Mechanical And Materials Engineering, 2016. 1 (1): p. 25-34.
[3]	Quan, Y. M. and L. H. Sun. Investigation on drilling-induced delamination of CFRP with infiltration method. in Advanced Materials Research. 2010. Trans Tech Publ.
[4]	Sockalingam, S., et al., Transverse compression behavior of Kevlar KM2 single fiber. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2016. 81: p. 271-281.
[5]	Nithya, S., et al., Investigation of Stacking Sequence on Glass and Kevlar Fiber. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN, 2017. 974: p. 2115.
[6]	Luise, R. R., Applications of High Temperature Polymers: 0. 2018: CRC Press.
[7]	Andrew, J. J., et al., Quasi-static indentation properties of damaged glass/epoxy composite laminates repaired by the application of intra-ply hybrid patches. Polymer Testing, 2017. 61: p. 132-145.
[8]	Saba, N., et al., A review on dynamic mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites. Construction and Building Materials, 2016. 106: p. 149-159.
[9]	Agarwal, B. D., L. J. Broutman, and K. Chandrashekhara, Analysis and performance of fiber composites. 2017: John Wiley & Sons.
[10]	Reis, P., M. Neto, and A. Amaro, Effect of the extreme conditions on the tensile impact strength of GFRP composites. Composite Structures, 2018. 188: p. 48-54.
[11]	MUSTAFA, E. H. B., et al., Manufacturing Technology of Composite Material Structure. 2017, Sudan University of Science and Technology.
[12]	Kanaginahal, G. M. and M. Murthy, Microstructural Study and Evaluation of Few Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Composites. Advanced Materials Manufacturing & Characterization, 2017. 7 (1).
[13]	Zhao, H., D. Allanson, and X. Ren, Use of shore hardness tests for in-process properties estimation/monitoring of silicone rubbers. Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 2015. 3 (07): p. 142.
[14]	Broitman, E., Indentation hardness measurements at macro-, micro-, and nanoscale: a critical overview. Tribology Letters, 2017. 65 (1): p. 23.
[15]	Tobaruela, A., et al., Indentation hardness: A simple test that correlates with the dissipated-energy predictor for fatigue-life in bovine pericardium membranes for bioprosthetic heart valves. journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 2016. 61: p. 55-61.
[16]	Lu, N., R. H. Swan Jr, and I. Ferguson, Composition, structure, and mechanical properties of hemp fiber reinforced composite with recycled high-density polyethylene matrix. Journal of Composite Materials, 2012. 46 (16): p. 1915-1924.
[17]	Shivamurthy, B., et al., Mechanical properties and sliding wear behavior of jatropha seed cake waste/epoxy composites. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2015. 17 (1): p. 144-156.
[18]	Coltro, L., J. B. Pitta, and E. Madaleno, Performance evaluation of new plasticizers for stretch PVC films. Polymer Testing, 2013. 32 (2): p. 272-278.
[19]	Shah, A. and S. Lakkad, Mechanical properties of jute-reinforced plastics. Fibre Science and Technology, 1981. 15 (1): p. 41-46.
[20]	Haque, M. M., et al., Physico-mechanical properties of chemically treated palm and coir fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Bioresource technology, 2009. 100 (20): p. 4903-4906.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Subhan Ali Jogi, Moazam Baloch, Asif Shah, Zubair Laghari, Inamullah Maitlo, et al. (2020). Effect of Lay-up Placement on Physical Properties of Hybrid Composite Reinforced E-glass/Kevlar 49. International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 4(1), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Subhan Ali Jogi; Moazam Baloch; Asif Shah; Zubair Laghari; Inamullah Maitlo, et al. Effect of Lay-up Placement on Physical Properties of Hybrid Composite Reinforced E-glass/Kevlar 49. Int. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 2020, 4(1), 11-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Subhan Ali Jogi, Moazam Baloch, Asif Shah, Zubair Laghari, Inamullah Maitlo, et al. Effect of Lay-up Placement on Physical Properties of Hybrid Composite Reinforced E-glass/Kevlar 49. Int J Photochem Photobiol. 2020;4(1):11-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12,
  author = {Subhan Ali Jogi and Moazam Baloch and Asif Shah and Zubair Laghari and Inamullah Maitlo and Ifikhar Memon},
  title = {Effect of Lay-up Placement on Physical Properties of Hybrid Composite Reinforced E-glass/Kevlar 49},
  journal = {International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-16},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpp.20200401.12},
  abstract = {Hybrid composites have developed and demanding industrial application and replaced metals and non-metal by specific characteristics. The research work concerned with E- glass epoxy and E-glass / Kevlar 49 reinforcement epoxy. The reinforcing materials oriented at 0°/90°, 45°/45° and 30°/60° lay-up placement. The laminate was produced by hand lay-up method Vacuum Bagging Resin Transfer Molding Technique is used for air escape from the mold cavity for effective adhesion between layers of structural composites. The experimental results achieved by conducting hardness of the samples by following the ASTM standard. The ASTM D-2240 durometer was made to perform hardness over the standard samples. The water absorption characteristics of each specimen of different orientation were observed at different humidity level. Electronic weighing balance ASTM D-570 and Electronic densimeter ASTM D-792 was used for water absorption and density respectively. GFK-0°/90° (Glass fiber and Kevlar 0°/90°) has good hardness result and low density, GF 0°/90° has higher density and low water absorption and GFK 30°/60° has higher capability to absorb water than other orientations, Higher density explain the internal structure with low porous structure which has been confirmed due to low water absorption of this material.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Lay-up Placement on Physical Properties of Hybrid Composite Reinforced E-glass/Kevlar 49
AU  - Subhan Ali Jogi
AU  - Moazam Baloch
AU  - Asif Shah
AU  - Zubair Laghari
AU  - Inamullah Maitlo
AU  - Ifikhar Memon
Y1  - 2020/01/10
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12
T2  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
JF  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
JO  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
SP  - 11
EP  - 16
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-429X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12
AB  - Hybrid composites have developed and demanding industrial application and replaced metals and non-metal by specific characteristics. The research work concerned with E- glass epoxy and E-glass / Kevlar 49 reinforcement epoxy. The reinforcing materials oriented at 0°/90°, 45°/45° and 30°/60° lay-up placement. The laminate was produced by hand lay-up method Vacuum Bagging Resin Transfer Molding Technique is used for air escape from the mold cavity for effective adhesion between layers of structural composites. The experimental results achieved by conducting hardness of the samples by following the ASTM standard. The ASTM D-2240 durometer was made to perform hardness over the standard samples. The water absorption characteristics of each specimen of different orientation were observed at different humidity level. Electronic weighing balance ASTM D-570 and Electronic densimeter ASTM D-792 was used for water absorption and density respectively. GFK-0°/90° (Glass fiber and Kevlar 0°/90°) has good hardness result and low density, GF 0°/90° has higher density and low water absorption and GFK 30°/60° has higher capability to absorb water than other orientations, Higher density explain the internal structure with low porous structure which has been confirmed due to low water absorption of this material.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Subhan Ali Jogi

Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
Moazam Baloch

Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Asif Shah

Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
Zubair Laghari

Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
Inamullah Maitlo

Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
Ifikhar Memon

Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Subhan Ali Jogi, Moazam Baloch, Asif Shah, Zubair Laghari, Inamullah Maitlo, et al. (2020). Effect of Lay-up Placement on Physical Properties of Hybrid Composite Reinforced E-glass/Kevlar 49. International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 4(1), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Subhan Ali Jogi; Moazam Baloch; Asif Shah; Zubair Laghari; Inamullah Maitlo, et al. Effect of Lay-up Placement on Physical Properties of Hybrid Composite Reinforced E-glass/Kevlar 49. Int. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 2020, 4(1), 11-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Subhan Ali Jogi, Moazam Baloch, Asif Shah, Zubair Laghari, Inamullah Maitlo, et al. Effect of Lay-up Placement on Physical Properties of Hybrid Composite Reinforced E-glass/Kevlar 49. Int J Photochem Photobiol. 2020;4(1):11-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12,
  author = {Subhan Ali Jogi and Moazam Baloch and Asif Shah and Zubair Laghari and Inamullah Maitlo and Ifikhar Memon},
  title = {Effect of Lay-up Placement on Physical Properties of Hybrid Composite Reinforced E-glass/Kevlar 49},
  journal = {International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-16},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpp.20200401.12},
  abstract = {Hybrid composites have developed and demanding industrial application and replaced metals and non-metal by specific characteristics. The research work concerned with E- glass epoxy and E-glass / Kevlar 49 reinforcement epoxy. The reinforcing materials oriented at 0°/90°, 45°/45° and 30°/60° lay-up placement. The laminate was produced by hand lay-up method Vacuum Bagging Resin Transfer Molding Technique is used for air escape from the mold cavity for effective adhesion between layers of structural composites. The experimental results achieved by conducting hardness of the samples by following the ASTM standard. The ASTM D-2240 durometer was made to perform hardness over the standard samples. The water absorption characteristics of each specimen of different orientation were observed at different humidity level. Electronic weighing balance ASTM D-570 and Electronic densimeter ASTM D-792 was used for water absorption and density respectively. GFK-0°/90° (Glass fiber and Kevlar 0°/90°) has good hardness result and low density, GF 0°/90° has higher density and low water absorption and GFK 30°/60° has higher capability to absorb water than other orientations, Higher density explain the internal structure with low porous structure which has been confirmed due to low water absorption of this material.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Lay-up Placement on Physical Properties of Hybrid Composite Reinforced E-glass/Kevlar 49
AU  - Subhan Ali Jogi
AU  - Moazam Baloch
AU  - Asif Shah
AU  - Zubair Laghari
AU  - Inamullah Maitlo
AU  - Ifikhar Memon
Y1  - 2020/01/10
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12
T2  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
JF  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
JO  - International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
SP  - 11
EP  - 16
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-429X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpp.20200401.12
AB  - Hybrid composites have developed and demanding industrial application and replaced metals and non-metal by specific characteristics. The research work concerned with E- glass epoxy and E-glass / Kevlar 49 reinforcement epoxy. The reinforcing materials oriented at 0°/90°, 45°/45° and 30°/60° lay-up placement. The laminate was produced by hand lay-up method Vacuum Bagging Resin Transfer Molding Technique is used for air escape from the mold cavity for effective adhesion between layers of structural composites. The experimental results achieved by conducting hardness of the samples by following the ASTM standard. The ASTM D-2240 durometer was made to perform hardness over the standard samples. The water absorption characteristics of each specimen of different orientation were observed at different humidity level. Electronic weighing balance ASTM D-570 and Electronic densimeter ASTM D-792 was used for water absorption and density respectively. GFK-0°/90° (Glass fiber and Kevlar 0°/90°) has good hardness result and low density, GF 0°/90° has higher density and low water absorption and GFK 30°/60° has higher capability to absorb water than other orientations, Higher density explain the internal structure with low porous structure which has been confirmed due to low water absorption of this material.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download