Research Article
Pollution Assessment and Distribution of Snails’ Genera at a University Community Dam: Implications for Control Strategies
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
51-59
Received:
25 June 2025
Accepted:
7 July 2025
Published:
25 August 2025
Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the pollution level and distribution of snails’ genera at a dam within a university community in order to develop efficient control strategies. Water samples and sediment samples were collected at twelve sampling points within the dam for eight weeks and analyzed for heavy metals (Manganese [Mn], Zinc [Zn], Iron (Fe), Cadmium [Cd] and Lead [Pb]) while snail genera were identified using standard procedure. Results were compared with the World Health Organization's (WHO) guideline limit (water quality [Mn = 0.4mg/L, Cd = 0.003mg/L, Pb=0.01mg/L]; sediment [Zn = 120mg/kg, Fe = 15mg/kg]). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation at p=0.05. Concentrations of Mn (mg/L), Zn (mg/L) in the water sample were 17.5±.01 and 11.3±2.6, respectively. These values were higher than the WHO's recommended limits. Lead and cadmium were not detected. Concentrations of manganese and zinc in the sediment samples were within the recommended limits. Iron concentration (690.3±120.9 mg/kg) exceeded the WHO's recommended limit. The snail genera identified were Bulinus species (65.0%), Biomphalaria species (24%) and Lymnae specie (11%). Bulinus (lunged snail) was the planorbid intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium. A positive correlation existed between the concentration of manganese in sediment and the number of snail genera available (r = 0.722, p < 0.01). The concentration of metal in the sediment sample was higher than that in the surface water. Water and sediment had high concentration of iron and Bulinus snail species; an intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium was identified. Continuous assessment of pollution level is highly essential and immediate control measure is encouraged to mitigate health risks associated with contact with this water body.
Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the pollution level and distribution of snails’ genera at a dam within a university community in order to develop efficient control strategies. Water samples and sediment samples were collected at twelve sampling points within the dam for eight weeks and analyzed for heavy metals (Manganese [Mn], Zinc [Zn], Ir...
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Research Article
Evaluating Supplementary Irrigation Depths for the Improvement of Water Productivity and Rice Yield in Semi-arid Climate, Eastern Burkina Faso
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
60-73
Received:
4 August 2025
Accepted:
16 August 2025
Published:
2 September 2025
Abstract: In Burkina Faso, supplementary irrigation is promoted as a strategy to overcome the uncertainty of rain and increase sustainably rain-fed rice yield. However, in the actual water scarcity context and the decline of rain water, high productivity cannot be achieved regardless to water use efficiency. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to identify optimal supplemental water depth that increases both water productivity and water savings while minimizing yield losses. Four replications of a randomized block design were implemented and three supplemental water depths of D5cm, D7.5cm and D10cm were field-evaluated against farmer’s irrigation water depth (FIWD). In D5cm, D7.5cm and D10cm treatments, water was applied once a week in case of no rain. In FIWD treatment, irrigation was supplied daily excluding the day of rain. The results revealed that water stress duration and amplitude increased with the decrease of water depth. Severe, moderate and low water stress were recorder in D5cm, D7.5cm and D10cm respectively while no stress was registered in FIWD. The severe water stress induced by D5cm diminished plant height, and the number of tillers by 11% to 3% respectively; while slight (D10cm) and moderate (D7.5cm) stress did not affect the growth. Comparable yield was obtained in D7.5cm (3.130 tha-1) and FIWD (3.279 tha-1). The application of 7.5cm of water yielded the highest gain of water saving (438 m3kg-1). We argue that the weekly supply of 7.5cm water depth can be suggested as a sustainable practice in semi-arid regions.
Abstract: In Burkina Faso, supplementary irrigation is promoted as a strategy to overcome the uncertainty of rain and increase sustainably rain-fed rice yield. However, in the actual water scarcity context and the decline of rain water, high productivity cannot be achieved regardless to water use efficiency. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to identify...
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Review Article
Eco-friendly and Cost-effective Water Treatment and Wastewater Treatment Technologies: A Review
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2025
Pages:
74-85
Received:
15 August 2025
Accepted:
26 August 2025
Published:
11 September 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajwse.20251103.13
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Abstract: The escalating global water crisis, driven by population growth, industrialization, and climate change, necessitates urgent advancements in sustainable water and wastewater treatment. Conventional treatment paradigms, while effective, often entail significant operational expenses due to high energy demands, intensive chemical consumption, and complex infrastructure requirements, leading to substantial environmental footprints and making them financially prohibitive for many communities, particularly in developing regions. This abstract critically examines the imperative for shifting towards eco-friendly and economically viable treatment technologies that mitigate these challenges. It explores the inherent limitations of traditional methods, which frequently generate considerable sludge volumes requiring further management and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, thereby underscoring the pressing need for innovative solutions that prioritize both environmental stewardship and financial accessibility in securing global water resources. This paper reviews a range of emerging eco-friendly and cost-effective technologies poised to revolutionize water and wastewater management. We delve into advanced biological processes such as anaerobic membrane bioreactors and integrated fixed-film activated sludge systems, which promise reduced energy consumption and enhanced contaminant removal, alongside nature-based solutions like constructed wetlands and phytoremediation, lauded for their low operational costs and ecological benefits. Furthermore, the abstract considers innovative hybrid systems, resource recovery approaches that transform wastewater into valuable products (e.g., energy, nutrients), and decentralized treatment options designed for adaptability and scalability. These technologies offer compelling advantages, including minimized chemical usage, lower energy footprints, reduced infrastructure costs, and a substantial decrease in sludge generation, making them particularly attractive for achieving sustainable urban and rural water security. The integration of these solutions holds significant potential to enhance resilience against water stress, promote circular economy principles, and ensure equitable access to clean water globally.
Abstract: The escalating global water crisis, driven by population growth, industrialization, and climate change, necessitates urgent advancements in sustainable water and wastewater treatment. Conventional treatment paradigms, while effective, often entail significant operational expenses due to high energy demands, intensive chemical consumption, and compl...
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,
Adejumo Mumuni*
