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Research Article
Malaria Parasitaemia, Risk Perception, and Preventive Practices Among Women Attending Ante-Natal Clinics in Ogun State
Hakeem Abiola Yusuff*,
Ikeoluwapo Ajayi,
Stephen Adebowale,
Olufemi Ajumobi,
Patrick Nguku,
Quudus Yusuff
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
59-70
Received:
17 January 2024
Accepted:
14 February 2024
Published:
7 March 2024
Abstract: Malaria contributes over 10% of all deaths among pregnant women. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy in Nigeria particularly in Ogun State is high. The coverage and uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphodoxine Pyrimethamine (IPT-SP) and Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) in Southwest Nigeria is still very low despite their proven cost effectiveness in improving maternal and infant health. This study therefore determined the malaria parasitaemia, risk perception, preventive practices and associated factors among women attending Ante-natal Clinics (ANCs) in Ogun state. A cross-sectional study was carried out using mixed methods. An estimated sample size of 426 was computed and selected from ANCs across the state through multistage sampling technique. Pre-tested semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Also, focused group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among women attending ANC and blood samples were taken from asymptomatic women for laboratory analysis to determine prevalence of malaria parasitaemia. Measures of association between the dependent and independent variables were tested using Chi-square. All tests of significance were done based on a ɑ-level of 0.05. Response rate was 100% for this study. The mean age of respondents was 27.9 ±5.5 years. Risk perception of malaria was observed to be good. Malaria parasitaemia was 2.7% and was 100% due to Plasmodium falciparum. Maternal age was significantly associated with malaria parasitaemia. Therefore, it is recommended that malaria elimination programmes should be sustained; access and affordability of ANC care should be ensured by the Government.
Abstract: Malaria contributes over 10% of all deaths among pregnant women. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy in Nigeria particularly in Ogun State is high. The coverage and uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphodoxine Pyrimethamine (IPT-SP) and Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) in Southwest Nigeria is still very low despite their p...
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Research Article
Oral Health Status and Care Needs of People with Intellectual Disability in Specialized Centers of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Jocelyne Valerie Gare*,
Filwende Dan Kientega,
Ahmed Kabore,
Carole Nathalie Téné Ouedraogo,
Ouattara Seydou,
Wendpoulomde Aime Desire Kabore,
Nicolas Meda
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
71-79
Received:
12 February 2024
Accepted:
29 February 2024
Published:
13 March 2024
Abstract: People with intellectual disabilities suffer from oral pain and discomfort twice as often as the general population. Their reduced cognitive and physical abilities, regular medication, and often the lack of a strong social support system lead to difficulties coping with the daily demands of life, including proper oral hygiene and nutrition. Having data on the oral health status of children and adolescents living with disabilities is crucial to reducing oral health inequalities within the population. The objectives of this study were to describe the main oral conditions, oral health behaviors and identify the care needs of people with intellectual disabilities in specialized centers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A descriptive transversal survey was conducted in the reception centers of intellectual disabled people benefiting from the subsidy of the Ministry of Women, National Solidarity, Family and Humanitarian Action. A questionnaire adapted for oral health surveys of the World Health Organization has been used for data collection that has been analyzed with Stata MP 16.0 software (College Station, Texas 77845, USA). Were included in the study 193 people with intellectual disabilities whose average age was 12.4 years ± 7.9. Our study reported that 74.0% had never visited a dentist and 19.0% of subjects did not clean their teeth. The overall prevalence of caries was 58.6% with 95% CI [51.2 - 65.8]. The frequencies of gingival bleeding and calculus were 63.8% and 63.4% respectively. The other pathologies were divided into 25.5% sialorrhea; 15.0% dental wear; 39.1% malocclusions; 19.2% dental anomalies and 14.4% dental trauma. Subjects who needed prompt and urgent care were 51.6%. This study made it possible to report the oral health behaviors and the main oral diseases encountered in people with intellectual disabilities and the care needs. Health promotion strategies focusing on simple interventions such as appropriate oral care would improve the general well-being of these vulnerable people.
Abstract: People with intellectual disabilities suffer from oral pain and discomfort twice as often as the general population. Their reduced cognitive and physical abilities, regular medication, and often the lack of a strong social support system lead to difficulties coping with the daily demands of life, including proper oral hygiene and nutrition. Having ...
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Research Article
The Association Between Leukocyte Parameters and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ting-yi Pu,
Man Cui,
Hao-di Li,
Xi Gao,
Ding-hua Liu*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
80-89
Received:
21 February 2024
Accepted:
5 March 2024
Published:
19 March 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.cajph.20241002.13
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Abstract: Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of disorders with a high incidence which can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome. Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein have been proved to be associated with MetS, but they are often used in disease diagnosis rather than in routine health screening. Instead, leukocyte is a convenient inflammatory marker. However, the association between leukocyte-related parameters and MetS remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between leukocyte parameters and MetS. Materials and Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for articles published from September 2012 to September 2022 for studies on the association of leukocyte with MetS patients. Outcome data were extracted and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. STATA software version 16.0 was utilized to conduct meta-analyses and assess publication bias. Results: A literature search of all major databases retrieved 2661 studies. After screening, 11 studies were analyzed including a total of 13301 MetS patients. Pooled analysis showed that elevated leukocyte level was significantly associated with MetS (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI (0.23-0.38), Z = 8.07, P <0.001). Conclusion: Elevated leukocyte level may be a potentially useful clinical marker for predicting the possibility of developing MetS in healthy populations.
Abstract: Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of disorders with a high incidence which can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome. Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein have been proved to be associated...
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Review Article
From Policy to Practice: A Review of Africa’s Public Health Policy
Oche Joseph Otorkpa*
,
Chinenye Oche Otorkpa,
Onifade Adefunmilola Adebola,
Stephen Emmanuel,
Ahamed Adamu,
Ololade Esther Olaniyan,
Saizonou Zinsou Jacques,
Okolo Martin Luther Oseni,
Abdirizak Mohamud Yusuf,
Maman Laminou Ibrahim,
Zakariaou Njoumemi,
Ruhaima Issah Zorro,
Francis Ngemba Kiese,
Abechi Andrew Alapa,
Dechasa Adare,
Adamu Usman Musa,
Fatima Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
90-99
Received:
26 September 2023
Accepted:
20 March 2024
Published:
2 April 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.cajph.20241002.14
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Abstract: Africa faces persistent health challenges, from infectious diseases to non-communicable illnesses, necessitating robust public health policies. However, the translation of these policies into effective practice remains a substantial challenge across the continent. This study employed a rigorous literature review, and policy analysis to shed light on the multifaceted factors impeding the successful transition from policy formulation to tangible health outcomes. Findings indicates that while Africa has made substantial progress in crafting health policies that align with global health goals, critical gaps persist in their execution. Major challenges include resource limitations, weak health infrastructure, insufficient capacity building, and complex socio-cultural dynamics that influence health behaviors and practices. In addition, bureaucratic hurdles, corruption, and lack of political will are identified as systemic barriers to policy implementation. The study highlights the need for adaptive and evidence-based policy making rigorous monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to track progress, and a multifaceted approach to bridge these gaps and address challenges. This includes strategic investments in healthcare infrastructure and workforce development, enhancing collaboration between governments and international partners, and fostering community engagement to ensure policies resonate with local contexts.
Abstract: Africa faces persistent health challenges, from infectious diseases to non-communicable illnesses, necessitating robust public health policies. However, the translation of these policies into effective practice remains a substantial challenge across the continent. This study employed a rigorous literature review, and policy analysis to shed light o...
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Research Article
Profile of Homosexuals, Bisexuals, and Transgender People in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
100-110
Received:
22 February 2024
Accepted:
11 March 2024
Published:
11 April 2024
Abstract: Introduction: It has been established that homosexuality plays a considerable role in the persistence of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections, but data related to their extent remains paradoxically fragmentary. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of viral infection (Human Immunodeficiency Virus and hepatic viral infections) among homosexuals, bisexuals, and transgenders in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: Between February 1 and March 30, 2022, an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among Kinshasa's homosexual, bisexual, and transgender populations. The snowball method was used to choose participants from homosexuals’ organisations. Sociodemographic information and the prevalence of viral infections (HIV, HBV, and HCV) were included as study parameters. The determinants of viral infections were found using multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 555 participants (mean age: 28.5±7.8 years, unmarried: 44.9%) were enrolled. Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infection rates were, respectively, 31.5%, 6.3%, and 9.7% prevalent. HIV-HCV, HIV-HBV, and HIV-HBV-HCV coinfection rates were 4.7%, 4.1%, and 0.7%, respectively. HIV and HBV infection had the same risk factors namely piercing, incarceration, prostitution, and non-condom usage. HCV infection was more pronounced among individuals with piercing, STIs and a previous occurrence of jaundice. Conclusion: In Kinshasa, HIV, HBV, and HCV infections were widespread among homosexuals, bisexuals, and transgender people. Actions targeting LBGTs are essential to reduce HIV, HCV and HBV infections transmission in the community.
Abstract: Introduction: It has been established that homosexuality plays a considerable role in the persistence of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections, but data related to their extent remains paradoxically fragmentary. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinant...
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Research Article
Factors Associated with the Financial Accessibility of Medicines in Public Health Structures in Conakry, Guinea
Yamoussa Youla*,
Tanou Valdez Bah,
Salifou Talassone Bangoura,
Guilao Mory,
Traoré Sékou,
Abdoulaye Sow,
Younoussa Sylla,
Sidikiba Sidibé,
Saidouba Cherif Camara,
Djiba Diakité,
Kadio Kadio Jean Jack Olivier,
Abdoulaye II Touré
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
111-115
Received:
8 March 2024
Accepted:
7 April 2024
Published:
28 April 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.cajph.20241002.16
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Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the factors associated with financial accessibility to medicines in public health structures in Matoto, Guinea, 2022. This was a cross-sectional study, lasting six months. It concerned patients admitted for consultation in one of the public health structures in Matoto, who had received a medical prescription and who presented themselves at the point of sale of the structure where they were consulted. We performed a chi2, Fischer Exact test to compare the proportions with each other. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. A total of 573 patients, predominantly female 63% and single 52%, voluntarily participated in this study. We found that 30% of patients carried out a liberal activity compared to 5.93% who were civil servants. 3.14% of the subjects surveyed came from outside Conakry. We estimated the frequency of financial inaccessibility to medicines at 56.54%. This study revealed that financial accessibility to medicines in public health structures in Matoto (Guinea) is a challenge for 56.54% of patients. The associated factors are: Gender, socio-professional status, origin and age.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the factors associated with financial accessibility to medicines in public health structures in Matoto, Guinea, 2022. This was a cross-sectional study, lasting six months. It concerned patients admitted for consultation in one of the public health structures in Matoto, who had received a medical prescription and ...
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Research Article
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Pregnant Women on Oral Health in the University Hospitals of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
116-129
Received:
17 March 2024
Accepted:
9 April 2024
Published:
28 April 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.cajph.20241002.17
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Abstract: Knowledge of the relationship between pregnancy and oral health is a public health issue. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women regarding oral health in the University Hospital Centers (UHC) of Ouagadougou in 2023. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study from July to September 2023. Data were collected prospectively, and knowledge, attitude and practice scores were generated. A total of 400 pregnant women were included. The [25-34] age group was the most represented at 54%, and 56.3% of women were in their 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The majority had a secondary level school and didn’t have a treating dentist. More than half (51.2%) of the respondents had poor overall knowledge of the relationship between oral health and pregnancy, 76.3% had poor attitudes and 79.5% poor practices, resulting in a poor overall KAP level for their oral health (60.5%). There was a significant variation in KAP level according to level of education (p= 0.015) and according to the information received on oral health and its implications for pregnancy (p = 0.028). Pregnant women's knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding their oral health are inadequate. Most women were unaware of the potential consequences of oral health neglect on pregnancy and their unborn child. Efforts must be made to educate them about oral health, with a focus on prevention.
Abstract: Knowledge of the relationship between pregnancy and oral health is a public health issue. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women regarding oral health in the University Hospital Centers (UHC) of Ouagadougou in 2023. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study from July to September 2023. Data w...
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Research Article
Factors Associated with Teenage Pregnancy in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
130-144
Received:
27 March 2024
Accepted:
10 April 2024
Published:
28 April 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.cajph.20241002.18
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Abstract: Teenage pregnancies are a global problem mainly in marginalised communities resulting in complications, societal rejection and deaths. In Zimbabwe, 48% of the teenage pregnancies occurred between 13-19 years. Mutasa District, one of the Districts in Zimbabwe has high rate of teenage pregnancies. Teenage abortions rose from 3/1000 in 2018 to 5/1000 in 2019. We conducted a study on the factors associated with teenage pregnancies in Mutasa District in the year 2018 and 2019. The specific objectives were to determine the prevalence of teenage pregnancies, to determine the sociocultural, economic and religious factors influencing teenage pregnancies and to assess the availability and utilisation of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Services. A multi-methods+ study design was used with a sample size of 80 cases and 80 controls from four hospitals in Mutasa. Systematic sampling was employed where every 3rd subject was systematically selected upon satisfaction of the inclusion criteria, with sampling interval observed. A quantitative survey and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were used to collect data. The results showed that 72 (90%) of the cases only had primary school education. Being single orphans 60 (75%), having information and education gaps 77 (96.3%), being chased off home to go to the male partner 49 (61.3%) were the prevalent factors linked to teenage pregnancies. Having been disciplined when found with contraceptives led to 41 (51.3%) of the pregnancies. Having the boyfriend as a source of livelihood allowances contributed to 59 (73.8%) of teenage pregnancies while being a member of an Apostolic Sect contributed 65 (82.3%) of the cases. The FGDs revealed that the Youth Friendly Centres were inadequate for the community, poorly resourced having no comprehensive preventive services and therefore poorly utilised. In addition, teenage pregnancy preventions were stereotyped to females only with current interventions being predominantly reactionary than preventive. The findings of this study suggest the need for reproductive health information, gender inclusive programming, and provision of a sundry of well-resourced Youth Friendly Centres in the District and a focus on tailor-made preventive interventions rather than punitive ones.
Abstract: Teenage pregnancies are a global problem mainly in marginalised communities resulting in complications, societal rejection and deaths. In Zimbabwe, 48% of the teenage pregnancies occurred between 13-19 years. Mutasa District, one of the Districts in Zimbabwe has high rate of teenage pregnancies. Teenage abortions rose from 3/1000 in 2018 to 5/1000 ...
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