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Epidemiological Study of Small Ruminant Gastrointestinal Helminthosis in Borana Lowlands, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia
Dereje Teshome,
Tamirat Tessema,
Sisay Kumsa,
Misgana Naramo
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
43-47
Received:
14 May 2021
Accepted:
16 August 2021
Published:
23 August 2021
Abstract: Epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal (GI) helminthes parasites in small ruminant in four districts (Arero, Moyale, Teltele and Yabello) of Borana lowland, Southern Oromia, was conducted during the period of October 2016 to June 2017 to estimate the prevalence, to identify the species of parasite involved and to access the risk factors of GI helminthes parasites in small ruminant. For this study a total of 939 faecal samples (655 sheep and 284 goats) were collected directly from the rectum and examined based parasitological procedures. In this study an overall prevalence of helminthosis was 597 (63.6%) in small ruminants whereas 423 (64.6%) in sheep and 174 (61.3%) in goats harbor one or more GI helminthes parasites. Strongyles were the most prevalent parasites observed. The prevalence is higher in Moyale (70.8%), followed by 66%, 60.5%, and 47.1% in Yabello, Arero and Teltele respectively. The occurrence of helminthosis in the four districts was found statistically significant (P <0.05). Significant (P<0.05) association was observed among age and body condition of the study animals. Even though the prevalence of helminthosis in sheep 64.6% was higher than prevalence in goat 61.3% statistically it was found insignificant (P>0.05). Breed and Sex was also not significantly (P>0.05) associated with the occurrence of small ruminant helminthosis. The study indicates that helminthes parasites are the major constraints that affect productivity of small ruminant. Awareness creation to the pastoralists in the study area about the effect of small ruminant helminthosis and designing appropriate control methods has a paramount importance to improve the productivity of small ruminant.
Abstract: Epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal (GI) helminthes parasites in small ruminant in four districts (Arero, Moyale, Teltele and Yabello) of Borana lowland, Southern Oromia, was conducted during the period of October 2016 to June 2017 to estimate the prevalence, to identify the species of parasite involved and to access the risk factors of GI h...
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Evaluation of Calprotectin Levels in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Solmaz Razi,
Katayoon Ghasemi,
Mohsen Masoodi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
48-51
Received:
18 June 2021
Accepted:
13 July 2021
Published:
23 August 2021
Abstract: Recent studies have shown the diagnostic value of fecal as well as serum calprotectin in predicting the severity and activity of inflammatory bowel disease. Given the strong familial and inherited predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease, it is assumed that changes in calprotectin levels are also influenced by familial predispositions. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the level of fecal calprotectin in patients and their first-degree relatives in order to determine the relationship between changes in this marker and its possible familial orientation. The study participants were the first-degree relatives (n = 100) of the patients (n = 33) with the definitive diagnosis of ulcerative colitis who referred to Rasoul-e-Akram hospital in 2018 and 2019. The fecal value of calprotectin was assessed using the ELISA method in both patients and the relatives. Fecal calprotectin level in patients was estimated to be 232.09±44.16μg/g. Fecal calprotectin level in the parents was 86.06±12.66μg/g, in siblings was 58.02±7.24μg/g and in the patient's children was 47.40±4.77μg/g. Fecal calprotectin levels were not affected by baseline indices such as gender, age, or BMI (either in patients or their relatives) and therefore these baseline factors had no effect on fecal calprotectin levels. Although fecal calprotectin levels are significantly longer in patients with ulcerative colitis than in healthy controls, the higher level of this marker among first-degree relatives of patients than healthy individuals also indicates the inherited tendency of changes in this marker in terms of high risk of disease in first-degree relatives of patients. These changes in fecal calprotectin levels will be independent of gender, age, and BMI
Abstract: Recent studies have shown the diagnostic value of fecal as well as serum calprotectin in predicting the severity and activity of inflammatory bowel disease. Given the strong familial and inherited predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease, it is assumed that changes in calprotectin levels are also influenced by familial predispositions. Therefor...
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Drug Utilization Evaluation Study and Dose Adjustment in Patients with Kidney Disease in Tertiary Care Hospital
Stephin V. Mathew,
Santhosh Uttangi,
Dayana Noble,
Manisha Ravi,
Stephy K. Mathew,
J. S. Venkatesh
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
52-64
Received:
25 July 2021
Accepted:
26 August 2021
Published:
31 August 2021
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Kidney disease is becoming a worldwide public health problem with an increase in incidence and prevalence, poor outcomes and high cost. Rational prescription is necessary in kidney disease patients. These patients are at higher risk of developing drug related problems since they need complex therapeutic regimens that include comorbid conditions like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease and infection that require frequent monitoring and dosage adjustment. Inappropriate use of medications can increase adverse drug effects, which can be reflected by excessive length of hospital stays, excessive health care utilization and cost. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to assess, evaluate and analyze the prescribing pattern of drugs in kidney disease and their dose adjustments in medicine and emergency department of tertiary care teaching hospital. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted for a period of 6 months. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Ethical Committee of S C S College of Pharmacy, Harapanahalli. Collected data was analyzed to identify the current prescribing trend and dosage regimen in the management of renal failure patients and to know whether the prescribing rationality was obtained in Medicine and Emergency unit in hospital by using KDIGO guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 140 patients were enrolled in the study according to the inclusion criteria in which 104 were males and 36 were females. 134 CKD cases and 6 AKI cases were found. In the study, 105 (75%) patients were hypertensive, 62 (44.28%) patients were anemic, 54 (38.57%) patients were diabetic and dyslipidemia was associated with 21 (15%) patients. 87 patients were on hemodialysis. On the basis of ATC classification of drugs, cardiovascular system (35.7%) class of drugs was the commonly prescribed followed by drugs for alimentary tract and metabolism (25.97%), anti-infective (10.11%) and blood and blood forming agents (7.97%). Out of 1028 studied drugs, only 105 (10.21%) required dose adjustment where 76 (72.38%) were adjusted and 29 (27.61%) were not adjusted. CONCLUSION: This study illustrates the need for proper dose adjustment and drug utilization pattern in patients with renal failure. Appropriate dosing of antibiotics as well as other drugs, including narrow therapeutic drugs play a vital role in preventing dose related adverse reactions and toxicities. This study will provide an outline for management strategies and will influence the decision making process in clinical practice.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Kidney disease is becoming a worldwide public health problem with an increase in incidence and prevalence, poor outcomes and high cost. Rational prescription is necessary in kidney disease patients. These patients are at higher risk of developing drug related problems since they need complex therapeutic regimens that include comorbid ...
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Assessment of Maternal Outcome Among Preeclamptic Women at Dilla University Referral Hospital, Dilla Ethiopia
Zerihun Figa,
Tesfaye Temesgen,
Etaferahu Belekle,
Abas Ahimed,
Ruth Tilahun
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
65-72
Received:
22 December 2020
Accepted:
5 January 2021
Published:
15 September 2021
Abstract: Background: Pre-eclampsia is hypertension in pregnancy after 20weeks of gestation characterized blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg, using the Korotkoff phase V sound for the diastolic value, on two occasions 4 hours apart. It is one of a spectrum of pregnancy disorders which result in different complications including maternal death. Methodology: Retrospective cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 295 samples were recruited and systematic sampling technique was used to select study subjects who were admitted with preeclampsia from January1, 2016 and December 31, 2018 at Dilla University Referral Hospital. Medical records review was done using pretested data abstraction tool. Data was entered in EpiData version 4.4.2.1and exported into SPSS (statistical package of social science) version 25.0 for analysis. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were used to identify association between variables. Adjusted odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was estimated to assess the strength of the association, and a p-value ≤ 0.05 was used to declare the level of statistical significance. Results: In this study 295 medical charts of pre-eclamptic women were reviewed. The most 210 (72.2%) of the participants were between the age of 20-34years. Severe type of preeclampsia was 174 (58.0%). HELLP syndrome was the most common complication of severe preeclampsia 81 (66.6%) followed by DIC, renal failure and liver failure, 25 (20.5%), 9 (7.4%) and 1 (0.8%) respectively. Maternal deaths due to preeclampsia were 6 this gives case fatality of 2%. In multivariable logistic regression, rural residence has 5.038 times more risk of unfavorable maternal outcome [AOR=5.038, 95%CI 1.971-12.879], gestational age ≤33 weeks has 3.67 times higher risk of unfavorable maternal outcome [AOR=3.67, 95%CI 1.829-7.364] and admission of women with diagnosis of sever preeclampsia has 6.42 times higher risk of unfavorable maternal outcome [AOR=6.42, 95%CI 2.017-21.103]. Conclusion and recommendation: Although there was current envisaged on maternal health improvement, this study has shown that maternal complications were common among pre-eclamptic women. The most common maternal complications due to preeclampsia were HELLP syndrome, DIC and renal failure. Health care professionals specially who work at PHC center should take appropriate trainings on immediate management and counseling a women coming for ANC and prompt referral for preeclampsia women with severity sign.
Abstract: Background: Pre-eclampsia is hypertension in pregnancy after 20weeks of gestation characterized blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg, using the Korotkoff phase V sound for the diastolic value, on two occasions 4 hours apart. It is one of a spectrum of pregnancy disorders which result in different complications including maternal death. Methodol...
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