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Study on Biological Threat Faced by Surface Ships and Its Countermeasures
Zhang He,
Yang Hongyu,
Dong Wenbin,
Jing Yunke,
Zhao Xin
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
19-23
Received:
16 May 2022
Accepted:
Published:
19 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.abb.20221002.11
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Abstract: The current international and domestic biosafety situation is complex and diverse. With the progress of biotechnology, the use of biological weapons in the future battlefield may become a revolutionary and subversive means of warfare and determine the direction of war. It is necessary for surface ships to arrange in advance for biosafety protection. This paper discusses main biosafety challenges faced by surface ships from the perspectives of biological warfare agents in wartime and infectious diseases in peacetime. These challenges include increasingly fierce biological warfare, bioterrorism threat, increasingly frequent emerging infectious diseases, potential threats brought by the development of biotechnology and so on. Besides, the shortcomings of protection methods and equipment currently used by surface ships to deal with biological threat are analyzed, which include its weak ability of real-time detection and identification of microorganisms and the lack of isolation and disposal equipment for internal infectious sources. In view of the above deficiencies, the countermeasures are put forward from the perspectives of monitoring and protection. On the one hand, we should actively develop remote, non-contact, real-time and rapid-response biological monitoring equipment. On the other hand, based on the construction standard of biological laboratory, we should build the isolation and disposal cabins of surface ships. This paper aims to improve the response ability of surface ships to biological threats, and provide theoretical support and reference for the R & D and upgrading of nuclear, chemical and biological protective equipment of surface ships.
Abstract: The current international and domestic biosafety situation is complex and diverse. With the progress of biotechnology, the use of biological weapons in the future battlefield may become a revolutionary and subversive means of warfare and determine the direction of war. It is necessary for surface ships to arrange in advance for biosafety protection...
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The Impact of Climate Change on Crops Genetic Resources Diversity in Ethiopia Consequence for Conservation
Lemi Yadesa,
Desalegn Chalchisa
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
24-32
Received:
4 April 2022
Accepted:
3 May 2022
Published:
19 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.abb.20221002.12
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Abstract: Climate change aggravates the issue for agriculture in general and biodiversity in particular. Climate change affects ecology dynamics in a variety of ways, including crop distribution changes and the loss of farming regions. Rising temperatures and changing environmental conditions may help invasive alien species, pests, and parasites spread. As a result of all this, global warming has already had a significant and widespread impact on plant genetic resource variety, and ensuring food security in the face of climate change is one of humanity's most pressing issues. Adaptation intervention and meteorological disaster preparedness are required to mitigate these negative consequences. Little is known about the causes, effects, and scope of genetic erosion on local crop plant species, as well as the list of landraces lost across the country. Ethiopia's indigenous crop genetic resources are under threat right now due to biotic, abiotic, and socioeconomic factors. As a result, crop genetic diversity preservation is critical in Ethiopia, according to homegrown knowledge, as diversity rosette, there was a continuous decrease in the variance of damage levels. Finally, improvements to in situ and ex situ conservation programs for domesticated species, their wild relatives, and other wild genetic resources are critical for the future of food and agriculture, particularly as the primary solution to global climate fluctuations.
Abstract: Climate change aggravates the issue for agriculture in general and biodiversity in particular. Climate change affects ecology dynamics in a variety of ways, including crop distribution changes and the loss of farming regions. Rising temperatures and changing environmental conditions may help invasive alien species, pests, and parasites spread. As a...
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The Synergy of Macro and Micro-Nutrients for Improving Durum Wheat Productivity in Ethiopia: A Review
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
33-43
Received:
8 April 2022
Accepted:
11 May 2022
Published:
19 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.abb.20221002.13
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Abstract: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Var. Durum) is an indigenous predominant tetraploid wheat species and well grown in Ethiopia. It is good amount and a source of protein, fibers and minerals. In Ethiopia, more than 42 durum wheat varieties were released for production since 1950s. However, the national average yield of the crop is not more than 2.6 tons/hectare, which is far the potential yield of crop 6-8 tone/hectare. Conversely, the demand for durum wheat has steadily increased in country the last decades, particularly due to the emergence of many food processing industries. These calls for increasing yield and improving of grain quality traits are a major task in Ethiopia. The review was emphasized research achievements, limitation, gaps, and future outlook on macro and micro nutrients uses and their synergy, where durum wheat is the principal crop cultivation. It has been indicated growth, productivity and grain quality are largely improved both by macro and micro nutrients together with elite cultivars of the durum wheat. The maximum crop growth rate, relative growth rate, leaf area index, yield components, yield, protein contents, wet gluten, dry gluten, hectoliter weight, and gluten index where improved by combined application of macro nutrients (N, P2O5, S) and micronutrients such as (Boron). We, therefore, suggested that, research on the macro and micronutrient strategies are most important for the durum wheat production and productivity, while the soil phsico-chemicals analysis stills deserve outmost attention.
Abstract: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Var. Durum) is an indigenous predominant tetraploid wheat species and well grown in Ethiopia. It is good amount and a source of protein, fibers and minerals. In Ethiopia, more than 42 durum wheat varieties were released for production since 1950s. However, the national average yield of the crop is not more than 2.6...
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Effects of Seed Source and Storage Duration on Seed Quality of Soybean [Glycine max (L) Merrill] Varieties at Pawe, Northwestern Ethiopia
Chaluma Tujuba,
Wassu Mohammed,
Abebe Atilaw
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
44-53
Received:
14 April 2022
Accepted:
10 May 2022
Published:
26 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.abb.20221002.14
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Abstract: In northeastern Ethiopia, soybean [Glycine max (L) Merril] is one of the most important legume crops. However, one of the manufacturing bottlenecks is the lack of high-quality seeds. Quality seed production necessitates the development of seeds from improved types under optimal growth conditions and storage for the shortest time possible. The purpose of this study was to see how seed source and storage time affected the seed quality of four soybean types. Four cultivars (AFGAT, Cheri, Clark 63k, and Davis) x two seed sources (rain-fed and irrigation) x two storage durations (one and two years stored at ambient temperatures) were arranged in factorial combinations for the treatments. At the Pawe Agricultural Research Center laboratory, treatments were evaluated using a completely randomized design with four replications. The findings demonstrated that one or more major factors had a considerable impact on seed quality measures (variety, seed source and storage period. The findings of the experiment revealed that seed quality was significantly affected by the effects of variety, storage time, seed source, and the interaction of the two and/or three factors on seed characteristics. The seeds of improved varieties obtained from irrigation seed sources and maintained at room temperature for a year yielded high quality seeds in the majority of cases. As a result, it is recommended that varieties, seed source, and seed storage length be considered in order to generate high-quality seeds and increase soybean yield.
Abstract: In northeastern Ethiopia, soybean [Glycine max (L) Merril] is one of the most important legume crops. However, one of the manufacturing bottlenecks is the lack of high-quality seeds. Quality seed production necessitates the development of seeds from improved types under optimal growth conditions and storage for the shortest time possible. The purpo...
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