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Analysis of Production, Yield and Cultivation Area Trends in Major Cereal Crops in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
123-126
Received:
4 May 2021
Accepted:
2 July 2021
Published:
13 July 2021
Abstract: Cereals are important crops for achieving food security in Ethiopia. Maize, sorghum and millet are major cereal grown by smallholder farmers of the country for consumption. Fifteen (15) years data of total production, yield and cultivated area of these cereal crops in Ethiopia were assessed from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/ to understand the trends of production, yield and cultivated area of maize, sorghum and millet through time and analyze the contribution of increasing yield and cultivated area for total production at the country level. The result revealed that total production in 1993-2019 was increased by 560%, 736% and 732% in maize, sorghum and millet respectively whereas cultivated area for these crops in the same period was increased by 170%, 304% and 159%. Yield of maize, sorghum and millet in 2019 years was 147%, 107% and 222% respectively more compared to the yield of the respective crops in the base year. In maize and sorghum, a unit increase of yield was associated with 3 million tons of production, and in millet a unit increase in yield was associated to nearly 5.5 million tones production. In conclusion, both yield increase and cultivation area expansion contributed to production increase but strong relation was observed between yield and total production in maize, sorghum and millet in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Cereals are important crops for achieving food security in Ethiopia. Maize, sorghum and millet are major cereal grown by smallholder farmers of the country for consumption. Fifteen (15) years data of total production, yield and cultivated area of these cereal crops in Ethiopia were assessed from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/ to understand the tren...
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Bioactive Components of Three Seaweed Species from Hadji Panglima Tahil, Sulu Philippines
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
127-131
Received:
12 May 2021
Accepted:
26 June 2021
Published:
13 July 2021
Abstract: This study aimed to determine the bioactive composition and properties of three selected marine seaweeds: Ulva reticulata, Halymenia durvillei and Sargassum cristaefolium from Hadji Panglima Tahil, Sulu Philippines. The proximate and heavy metal composition of the seaweeds were determined. Heavy metal analysis in seaweeds showed that zinc registered highest concentration (328.74 mg/kg) in U. reticulata. Other evaluated seaweed species registered lower concentrations of copper (Cu), mercury, and lead indicating that they could be eaten as source of Cu. The concentration reveals that these seaweeds could be source of the micronutrient, and copper. All other seaweeds are safe for human consumption. Nutritional proximate composition of seaweeds in this study revealed that the brown seaweed (i.e. S. cristaefolium) collected from Hadji Panglima Tahil, Sulu Philippines had highest average composition in terms of moisture, lipids, and total soluble solids. Results on nutritional proximate composition of seaweed varies due to the effect of geographical location, time of collection and the weather condition. Dried samples of U. reticulata showed best antioxidant activity while S. cristaefolium had least antioxidant activity. Sulu Philippines is one of the seaweeds suppliers in western Mindanao. Decades ago, seaweeds are known as food delicacy like Caulerpa, Eucheuma and Gracilaria spp. They are eaten raw while the industrial and medicinal uses of extracts from seaweeds were known later by inhabitants. There have been several feeding trials conducted to have the potential as source of aqua feed. Feeding the fishes with seaweed helps to prevent the occurrence of disease to certain extent. Seaweeds contain plenty of protein, vitamin and minerals. Moreover, seaweeds also contain potential bioactive compounds which exhibit antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties. The phytochemicals responsible for the bioactivities could be present in the seaweeds which based on literature. In addition to “positive” roles, seaweeds also play critical roles in reef degradation, particularly in ecological “phase shifts” where abundant reef-building corals are replaced by abundant fleshy seaweed. Indeed, the seaweeds screened in this study possess bioactive components and antioxidant which may be considered for future applications in medicine, cosmetics, and some heavy metals composition which may be considered for future applications in food industry.
Abstract: This study aimed to determine the bioactive composition and properties of three selected marine seaweeds: Ulva reticulata, Halymenia durvillei and Sargassum cristaefolium from Hadji Panglima Tahil, Sulu Philippines. The proximate and heavy metal composition of the seaweeds were determined. Heavy metal analysis in seaweeds showed that zinc registere...
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Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Participation in Pond Fish Production in Dara and Wonsho Districts, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
132-139
Received:
29 May 2021
Accepted:
5 July 2021
Published:
13 July 2021
Abstract: In developing countries like Ethiopia fish production plays a major role in food supply and poverty alleviation strategy. Despite the presence of opportunities to diversify fish production and thus maximize profit through product and market diversification, the farmers’ participation in pond fish production in Dara and Wonsho districts is perceived to be generally very low. Therefore, this study analyzed the determinants of farmers’ participation in pond fish production. Cross sectional research design and two stage-sampling techniques were implemented in this study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the primary and secondary sources. Descriptive statistics and econometric analysis were employed to analyze data. The result of the Heckman two stage model showed that pond fish production participation decision was significantly influenced by sex, adult family size, and total land, livestock ownership, annual farm income and frequency of the extension contact. Moreover, the level of pond fish production participation was influenced by age, land holding, annual farm income and credit use. Thus, it is suggested to strengthen smallholder farmers’ participation in pond fish production via capacity improvement and enhanced access of proper technical support service provision.
Abstract: In developing countries like Ethiopia fish production plays a major role in food supply and poverty alleviation strategy. Despite the presence of opportunities to diversify fish production and thus maximize profit through product and market diversification, the farmers’ participation in pond fish production in Dara and Wonsho districts is perceived...
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Study on Extraction Technology and Stability of Red Pigment in Red Plumeria
Tingqin Wang,
Qianru Li,
Bei Cai,
Yunying Yang
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
140-151
Received:
15 June 2021
Accepted:
28 June 2021
Published:
13 July 2021
Abstract: Background: Pigments, especially for those red color are widely used in various products and are closely related to human health, however, the study on screening optimal conditions for extracting red pigment from red frangipani is less reported. Objective: This study is aimed to decipher the effects of these factors on the stability of the pigment. Method: We developed an optimized extraction method of red pigment from Plumeria rubra L leaves through different combinations of extractants, incubation time and temperature. Results: Results show that the largest productivity of red pigment is found under the condition of 10% citric acid as extractant at 80°C for 90 min compared to other conditions. The pigment is sensitive to high light and appears to have strong reducibility rather than oxidability. The pigments production is also sensitive to pH value, as well as metal ion strength, such as Al3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, and Ca2+, whereas the production is inhibited by adding sucrose, salt and soluble starch. Conclusion: We concluded that red pigment is sensitive to external environmental stimulus and internal ion and carbohydrates concentrations, among these factors, a combination of 10% citric acid extranctant together with 80oC for 90 min treatments ensures to obtain the largest productivity of red pigment. This study provides a fundamental basis for the production of natural red plumeria red pigment and the screening for edible pigment varieties.
Abstract: Background: Pigments, especially for those red color are widely used in various products and are closely related to human health, however, the study on screening optimal conditions for extracting red pigment from red frangipani is less reported. Objective: This study is aimed to decipher the effects of these factors on the stability of the pigment....
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Assessment of On-farm Diversity Status and Farmer’s Perception for Landraces Crops at Eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia
Chala Tamiru,
Tahir Abdela
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
152-159
Received:
11 June 2021
Accepted:
9 July 2021
Published:
15 July 2021
Abstract: Ethiopia is centre of origin for crops such as sorghum, teff, coffee and enset and centre of diversity for many other crops (wheat, barley, Ethiopian mustard, chickpea lentils and finger millet). Similarly eastern Hararghe has diverse agro-ecology that shows diversity of many crops. So, a total of 15 land race crop species was identified with 36 accessions from 2 regions and 6woreda. From total 15 farmer variety of crop and 36 accession, sorghum are the highest accession and more cultivated in study area and it account 13 accession (36.1%). From the total survey of woreda, Qarsa is the most diverse crop species since it has a wide agro-ecology and holds ten crop species 66.7% of total crop in study area. Jarso is the second crop diversity in study area it hold eight crop species (53.3%). Sofi and Babile are the third crop diversity in study area it hold four crop species each (26.7%). Expansion of chat and replacement of modern variety in study area are the most loss of farmer variety it holds 45% and 40% respectively. Six farmer crop species in study area like Badu Oanyii, Shakoo, Bukuri, Minjar, Barley and wheat are threatened in study area due to Replacement of modern variety, no good test and low value market, birds’ interest, lack of fodder, weed and drought. Therefore, creating awareness for local farmers on how to manage the crop effectively (sowing, weeding, harvesting and storing) and conserve the landrace variety. More agricultural research should be conducted on the characters and requirement of the crops for various regions and environments to conserve landrace variety.
Abstract: Ethiopia is centre of origin for crops such as sorghum, teff, coffee and enset and centre of diversity for many other crops (wheat, barley, Ethiopian mustard, chickpea lentils and finger millet). Similarly eastern Hararghe has diverse agro-ecology that shows diversity of many crops. So, a total of 15 land race crop species was identified with 36 ac...
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Variability of Coffee (Coffeaarabica L.) Germplasm Collections Based on Morphological Quantitative Characters
Meseret Degefa,
Sentayehu Alamerew,
Ali Mohammed,
Adeba Gemechu
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
160-169
Received:
18 July 2021
Accepted:
5 August 2021
Published:
24 August 2021
Abstract: Ethiopia is the center of genetic diversity of Arabica coffee (Coffeaarabica L., Rubiaceae). In receipt of more information on genetic variability is a must for additional enhancement of coffee (Coffeaarabica L.). An experiment was carried out at Awada Agricultural Research Sub Center, Ethiopia, to study the amount of phenotypic diversity between southern coffee (Coffeaarabica L.) germplasm accessions on a quantitative character. Entirety 104 entries consisting of 100 accessions from southern parts of Ethiopia and four standard cultivars were evaluated using augmented design. The key goal of the study was to assessphenotypic and genotypic variances, the broad sense heritability, genetic advance and estimate the principal component among various quantitative characters. Data on 22 quantitative traits were recorded from five envoy trees per row for each accession. One hundred and four Arabica coffee accessions were grouped into four distinct groups by cluster analysis indicating a wide genetic diversity of coffee genotypes. Cluster I, II, III and IV contained 04 (3.85%), 29 (27.89%), 66 (63.46%) and 05 (4.81%) of the accessions, respectively. The X2 test show that inter cluster squared distances were significant at p<0.01 and p<0.05. Highest inter-cluster distance (D2) was found among cluster I and IV (D2 =102.61), even as the minimum inter-cluster distance (D2) was obtained between cluster II and III (13.26). First 8 principal components with Eigen values more than one were dependable for about 76.34% of the total variation among the germplasmaccessions. Normally, the present study revealed the existence of immense genetic variability among coffee germplasm for various important morphological traits. Consequently, there is a possibility to make use of these traits to expand genotypes that do superior than the existing varieties for the upcoming coffee enhancement plan.
Abstract: Ethiopia is the center of genetic diversity of Arabica coffee (Coffeaarabica L., Rubiaceae). In receipt of more information on genetic variability is a must for additional enhancement of coffee (Coffeaarabica L.). An experiment was carried out at Awada Agricultural Research Sub Center, Ethiopia, to study the amount of phenotypic diversity between s...
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